Why Captain Glucose ?
First, it's important to acknowledge that this character was fully built as a parody of Captain America. To fuel his "super-soldier" energy, I considered that it would be biologically more accurate for him to eat so much. Glucose is a simple sugar molecule (there exist many more complex forms), and when food is being digested, sugars are broken down into glucose before entering the bloodstream. Also, Captain Glucose eats many sweets, he always had a sweet tooth.
Captain for the reference and Glucose for the sugar intake.
On his backstory, Captain Glucose is a big fan of Captain America comics, and when he became a hero, he really wanted his hero name to be a reference to Steve Rogers. There is another backstory element that justifies this name choice, that I cannot spoil here.
Of course, this isn't his birthname, that hasn't really been revealed in the comics, but doesn't have to be kept secret like most informations about this character.
