#xargs

Crear directorios y subdirectorios desde un archivo de texto en linux, de forma rápida. En linux existe un pequeño truco, con el cual pues crear tantos directorios o subdirectorios como quieras. Muy útil cuando tienes que replicar varios sistemas, es muy rápido y sencillo de implantar. Existen varios comandos capaces de realizar esta operación, en este artículo nos decantamos por el comando xargs, que es capaz de convertir entradas de argumentos estándar en un comando ejecutable.   Crear directorios y subdirectorios desde un archivo de texto Lo que haremos será crear un archivo de texto, con todos los directorios y subdirectorios que necesitemos (los subdirectorios los separamos con una barra), algo similar a nuestro ejemplo. servidores cms comandos/linux comandos/bash comandos/bsd editores/vim editores/nano editores/ide/eclipse documentos/facturacion documentos/manuales documentos/varios linux unix bsd Guardas el archivo. Nosotros lo nombramos "directorios.txt". Este archivo de texto lo guardamos en la ruta donde queremos generar las nuevas carpetas y subcarpetas. Vale... pues ya lo tenemos todo preparado, ahora es tan simple como ejecutar el siguiente comando (con el nombre de tu archivo). sudo xargs -I{} mkdir -p "{}" Al acceder a la ruta indicada desde nuestro entorno de escritorio, vemos que se han creado los directorios de forma correcta. Vemos la imagen de ejemplo.

You can install packages using dpkg. dpkg is quite a useful command line tool. In addition to installing packages, dpkg also helps to remove packages and know the status of packages. While checking the status of packages using dpkg, you may come across the state rc.

What does rc mean?

rc corresponds to:

r: the package was marked for removal c: the configuration files are currently present in the…

Goal: to rename all the files with extensions to just their basenames without extensions. They have varied extensions. An extension is considered to be anything at the end up to and including the period/full-stop.

This is obviously much easier to do with a BASH "for name in $(ls somepatter); do .......", however the object of this exercise was to see how I can use parameter expansion to truncate the filenames returned by find. This mean using xargs, which in turn meant that I had to invoke a shell process. I am not proud of any of this :)...

Directory contents

findtests  ls testfile1.txt testfile2.txt testfile3.txt testfile5.txt testfile6.otherext

Try to use sed

This seems like a dead-end. Can output the modified names, however, where would we go from there?:

find -path "./*" -name "*\.*" -print0 | xargs --null -I name sh -c 'echo $( echo name | sed 's/txt/XXX/' )'

Find and use of parameter expansion with xargs for name change

Instead of using sed will used BASH parameter expansion here. The tricks were:

To invoke a sub-shell to delay processing of the BASH parameter expansions until after xargs has performed its substitutions into the argument list.

to assign the raw value of the filename passed in to a string so that it could be operated on with the usual parameter expansions. Simply trying to "rawname%%" did not work. Not sure if it might be possible to escape the curly-braces and percentages, but tried several variations on that and it failed.

To provide an explicit path to avoid the "." NULL otherwise returned by the -name regex used here

Also note the use of rawname instead of the common xargs argument list marker of "{}".

find -path "./*" -name "*\.*" -print0 | xargs --null -Irawname sh -c 'basename=rawname ; echo ${basename%.*}' ./testfile5 ./testfile6 ./testfile3 ./testfile1 ./testfile2

find -path "./*" -name "*\.*" -print0 | xargs --null -Irawname sh -c 'basename=rawname ; mv rawname ${basename%.*}'

ls testfile1 testfile2 testfile3 testfile5 testfile6

Other approaches

Doh... pipe straight out into sed and pipe that into xargs? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xargs

I later found this StackOverflow example which uses read in conjunction with a do...while. It avoids invoking a shell. A later modification of this answer by another user was:

#/bin/bash find -L . -type f -name '*.'$1 -print0 | while IFS= read -r -d '' file; do echo "renaming $file to $(basename ${file%.$1}.$2)"; mv -- "$file" "${file%.$1}.$2"; done

References