On the left is my rendition of a Sumerian incantation for the ritual use of a torch (Sumerian gi’izila). The Sumerian god of fire was named Gibil, the personification of fire itself. Gibil was a divine purifier who lit the evening banquets of the gods in their temples, which were quite literally understood as their homes on earth. His role in lighting the ovens and therefore furnishing the god’s lavish meals is also frequently mentioned.
This is the text/translation, with a few alterations from the original publication by J.J. van Dijk in Yale Oriental Series vol. 11:
1) en2-e2-nu-ru
2) {d}Gibil6(NE.GI) in-zig3
3) {d}Gibil6 in-ŋa2
4) {d}Gibil6 in-sikil
5) lu2 dadag-ge
6) an kug-ge-dam
7) ki sikil-e-dam
8) {d}En-lil2-le dadag-ge
9) {d}Nin-lil2 sikil-e-dam
10) dA-nun-na dijir gal-gal-e-ne /kug-ge-dam
11) kin-sig unu6 gal
12) diŋir-re-e-ne-ke4
13) ir dug3-dug3-ga-zu
14) saj an-še3 mi-ni-in-il2
15) ir sur-ra a-a-ba-ni-me-en
16) {d}Gibil6 ud an-ki /szu NE tam-ma-ni za-e-me-en
17) e2 kur4-ra-zu bal-bi i3-sag9
18) I-LU bal-zu nam he2-eb2-tar-re
19) tu6 en2-e-nu-ru
20) ka-inim-ma gi-izi-la2-kam
E’enuru incantation:
Gibil (fire) has risen (i.e., caught fire)
Gibil has fallen (i.e., burnt out)
Gibil, the purifier
The one that sanctifies
Heaven is to be purified
Earth is to be made holy
He is to sanctify Enlil
He is to make Ninlil holy
He is to purify the Anuna, the great gods
The evening meal (at) the great banquet hall of the gods,
Your most pleasant smell is raised heavenwards
The perfumer/emitted smell, you are his …
Gibil, light of the universe, you are his one with the fire/newly purified hands
When you enter a temple, its reign(?) is good
When you cross the threshold, fate shall be decreed
Tu e’enuru incantation
Incanation of the torch.
On the right is the only known Sumerian cultic song of the god Gibil, which I reconstructed from several fragments in the collection of the University of Pennsylvania and published in the first issue of the journal Studia Mesopotamica. #cuneiform #firegod #windowtothepast, #modernrelic, #modernrelics #ancientgods