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tundra texture tuesday
Vulpicida juniperina is a common soil lichen in the tundra, easily identified by virtue of being the only bright yellow leafy thing growing on the ground. If you see something similar on a tree, it's probably V. pinastri.
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VULPICIDA TILESII
Ways of Enlichenment (Jason Holliger-Trevor Goward
Lichens of Western North America
Photos by-Jason Hollinger-Curtis Bjork-Richard Droker-Chris Parrish-Troy McMullin
Support-University of British Columbia Beaty Biodiversity Museum
Vulpicida canadensis “Brown-eyed Sunshine Lichen”
Rattlesnake National Recreation Area, MT October 24, 2015 Robert Niese
These lichens are quite common east of the Cascades where they are regularly found on the low, bare branches of young conifers such as Pinus and Abies. It is not uncommon to see branches where almost all of the bark is obscured by lichen growth. In such instances, I regularly find eight or nine species within a few inches of each other. This particular specimen was found alongside Bryoria, Nodobryoria, Usnea, Letharia, two species of Cetraria, two (or three) species of Hypogymnia, as well as several crustose species I was unable to identify. That’s a lot of diversity for one tiny twig!
Vulpicida canadensis “Canadian Fox Killer/Brown-eyed Sunshine Lichen”
Blackfoot River Recreation Corridor (BLM), MT April 23, 2014 Robert Niese
Members of the genus Vulpicida, like Wolf Lichen in the genus Letharia, contain usnic acid and vulpinic acid which gives them their characteristic neon yellow color. Also like Letharia, members of Vulpicida are also somewhat toxic and are associated with some Icelandic and Scandinavian folk tales where they’re used to kill foxes. This species is quite common in our PNW Ponderosa Pinelands and is normally found on small twigs alongside the metallic black lichen, Cetraria merrillii.
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Specimens: May 20, 2015, West Klamath Basin, Oregon, USA Identified using Macrolichens of the Pacific Northwest by Bruce McCune & Linda Geiser
A big thanks to luchswald for helping me to complete my lichen collection for the lichenology course at OSU. Five of the lichen he sent in were completely unique to me, four of which were all found at the same location, on the same tree! It only made sense to feature them all together in a single post. I swear, the rest will feature one lichen per post.
Nodobryoria is a fun genus, because it looks an awful lot like Bryoria (horse/coyote hair lichen). The best way to tell the two apart in the field is the shade of brown present in the cortex: reddish brown is Nodobryoria and any other brown is Bryoria. The Nodobryoria abbreviata above is a little more easily distinguished though due to its tufted, suberect growth form and abundant apothecia. Apothecia that when hydrated, at least in my case, looked very convincingly like engorged deer ticks.
Vulpicida is another fun genus, but is easily recognized by their yellow cortex (a trait caused by the presence of vulpinic acid, among others). They were actually part of the genus Cetraria until 1993, making Vulpicida just old enough to drink. V. canadensis in particular has a yellow reminiscent of the traditional ruler, somewhere around #EBB810?
Letharia is contestedly the funnest genus! They’re very picturesque and have a bright, highlighter yellow/green color despite that my poor quality photograph indicates. They also contain vulpinic acid and are often called wolf lichen. It’s said that they’re great for killing wolves, and I’d be tempted to believe that. Vulpinic acid is toxic and the lichen containing it should not be ingested by canines or humans alike! Letharia columbiana, pictured above, is identified by the presence of apothecia and rough surface.
Not pictured separately is Cetraria merrillii, a small to medium, black fruticose lichen. I’ll try again with some natural light, but as it stands my camera just can not focus on it enough to see any detail. A better picture of larger specimens can be viewed here.
