Symptoms of PTSD Following a Shooting
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The Impact of Exposure to Gun Violence
Exposure to gun violence, such as a shooting, can be particularly difficult to cope with for a number of reasons. First, shootings are unpredictable and uncontrollable. Situations that are perceived as unpredictable and uncontrollable are much more likely to bring on high levels of helplessness, anxiety, and fear. In addition, situations like this may leave a person feeling as though there is nothing they can do to protect themselves in the future.
Second, during a shooting, there is an extreme threat to a person's life. This can drastically change our outlook on life, as well as destroy commonly-held assumptions that we are safe, or beliefs like "bad things won't happen to me."
In addition to feeling as though your own life is in danger, during a shooting, a person is also more likely to be exposed to the death or injury of others. This may bring up feelings of horror, magnifying the impact of this type of traumatic event.
Some of these symptoms may include:
Frequent and intense nightmares about the event.
Intrusive thoughts or memories about the shooting that are easily triggered by things in your environment (for example, newspaper articles, television shows, movies, conversations about the shooting).
Attempts to avoid situations or places that remind you of the shooting. This may especially be the case for places where you feel you could be in danger of experiencing a similar event again (for example, unfamiliar places or crowded places).
A high level of fear and anxiety upon hearing sounds that are similar to a gunshot, such as a car backfiring or fireworks.
Feeling constantly on edge or always on guard, almost as if there is danger lurking around every corner.
Having difficulties sleeping. For example, you may feel overly alert, and as a result, wake up in response to even the slightest of sounds.
Getting The Help That You Need
In the aftermath of a shooting, it is very important to monitor your symptoms. Many of the symptoms that may arise, such as being on edge and constantly on guard, are actually part of your body's natural and adaptive response to a highly stressful event. For many people, these symptoms will naturally decline over time. However, for some, these symptoms may persist and get worse, ultimately leading to the development of PTSD. If you notice that your symptoms are getting worse, it is very important to intervene early on.
Studies have also shown that having and seeking out social support can be beneficial inrecovering from a traumatic event. Therefore, even though you may want to avoid people or isolate, it is very important to remain active and maintain your connections with friends and loved ones.
In addition, keep an eye out for unhealthy coping strategies, such as drug or alcohol use. Although substance use may be very effective in reducing anxiety in the short-term, it is only a temporary solution. Substance use only masks the anxiety. It does not help you work through it. Consequently, the anxiety will often come back, and sometimes, it will come back even stronger.
An Overview of PTSD Symptoms
PTSD and emotional avoidance
The Fight or Flight Response: Our Body's Response to Stress
Recovering from and Overcoming Trauma
Ways of Coping with Anxiety