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The USPSTF recommends annual screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in adults aged 55 to 80 years who have a 30 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. This website helps smokers weigh the risks and benefits of screening in their individual situation. 

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Dr. Cabana Michael Cabana, M.D., M.A., M.P.H Professor of Pediatrics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Physician-in-chief at the Children's Hospital at Montefiore Chair of the Department of Pediatrics at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Dr. Cabana joined the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force in January 2019 MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes have historically been far more common in adults, but the number of children and teens who have these conditions is rising. However, there is still very limited research on whether screening, early detection, and early treatment of diabetes will improve a child’s long-term health. Due to this lack of evidence, the Task Force was unable to assess the benefits and harms of screening, particularly in Black, Hispanic, American Indian, and Pacific Islander populations, who are at a significantly higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. We are calling for more research on this important topic. MedicalResearch.com: What should readers take away from your report? Response: Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes have historically been far more common in adults, but the number of children and teens who have these conditions is rising. However, there is still very limited research on whether screening, early detection, and early treatment of diabetes will improve a child’s long-term health. Due to this lack of evidence, the Task Force was unable to assess the benefits and harms of screening, particularly in Black, Hispanic, American Indian, and Pacific Islander populations, who are at a significantly higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. We are calling for more research on this important topic. MedicalResearch.com: What recommendations do you have for future research as a results of this study? Response: We need to better understand how screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes affects the current and long-term health of children and teens, especially those at a higher risk of developing this condition. We also need more information on whether lifestyle interventions, medication, or both can help children and teens who have been diagnosed with diabetes. MedicalResearch.com: Is there anything else you would like to add? Any disclosures? Response: The Task Force always considers how our recommendations may help eliminate racial disparities in healthcare and we recognize that Black, Hispanic, American Indian, and Pacific Islander populations are at increased risk for diabetes and many other health conditions. Until we have enough evidence to make a recommendation, we advise clinicians to use their best judgement when deciding whether or not to screen any given patient for diabetes. Citations: US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2022;328(10):963–967. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.14543 Jin J. Screening for Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents. JAMA. 2022;328(10):993. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.15240 The information on MedicalResearch.com is provided for educational purposes only, and is in no way intended to diagnose, cure, or treat any medical or other condition. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health and ask your doctor any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. In addition to all other limitations and disclaimers in this agreement, service provider and its third party providers disclaim any liability or loss in connection with the content provided on this website.     Read the full article

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Dr. Barry Dr. Michael Barry MD Director of the Informed Medical Decisions Program Health Decision Sciences Center at Massachusetts General Hospital Physician at Massachusetts General Hospital Professor of Medicine,Harvard Medical School MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings? Response: Hepatitis C affects more people today than ever before, many of whom are younger. If left untreated, it can cause serious, lifelong health problems due to liver damage. The good news is that hepatitis C infection is both preventable and treatable, with recent evidence showing that new treatments for adults are highly effective. Knowing this, we’ve broadened our guidelines to recommend screening for hepatitis C in all adults between the ages of 18 and 79. MedicalResearch.com: What should readers take away from your report? Response: The most important takeaway from this recommendation is that all adults between the ages of 18 and 79 should be screened at least once for hepatitis C. For patients at increased risk – particularly those who inject drugs – we recommend periodic screening. Screening for hepatitis C helps keep people healthy because it can detect the infection early on, when it is easier to treat and before complications begin.  MedicalResearch.com: What recommendations do you have for future research as a result of this work? Response: In developing this recommendation, we identified several areas where additional research would be helpful. For example, more studies are needed on potential screening intervals and strategies, the effectiveness of treatments in adolescents, and how best to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission. MedicalResearch.com: Is there anything else you would like to add? Response: While this recommendation applies to adults ages 18 to 79, we suggest that clinicians also consider screening their adolescent and older adult patients who are at high risk, including those who have injected drugs. Citation:  US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2020;323(10):970–975. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1123 The information on MedicalResearch.com is provided for educational purposes only, and is in no way intended to diagnose, cure, or treat any medical or other condition. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health and ask your doctor any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. In addition to all other limitations and disclaimers in this agreement, service provider and its third party providers disclaim any liability or loss in connection with the content provided on this website.   Read the full article

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MedicalResearch.com Interview with: Dr. Epling John W. Epling, Jr., M.D., M.S.Ed Professor of Family and Community Medicine Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine Roanoke, VA USPSTF Task Force Member Medical Director of Employee Health and Wellness Carilion Clinic Dr. Epling maintains an active clinical primary care practice  MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: HIV continues to be a significant public health issue, with about 40,000 people diagnosed each year. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force reviewed the most recent evidence on how primary care clinicians can best help prevent HIV and its devastating health consequences. We looked at the research on two different topics: screening for HIV, and pre-exposure prophylaxis—a medication that prevents HIV, commonly known as PrEP.  MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings of the underlying studies? Response: The research showed that both screening and PrEP are effective methods accomplish the goals of preventing HIV, achieving early detection and treatment and reduce transmission.As such, the Task Force has published two separate recommendation statements, both of which contain A recommendations. The Task Force recommends HIV screening for people who are 15 to 65 years old, as well as everyone who is pregnant. In addition, patients who do not have HIV but are at high risk of getting it should be offered PrEP. MedicalResearch.com: What should readers take away from your report? Response: While the screening recommendation is consistent with past Task Force guidance, this is the first time the Task Force has reviewed the evidence and published a recommendation for PrEP. We hope that widespread screening and appropriate use of PrEP will help reduce the burden of HIV in the U.S.  MedicalResearch.com: What recommendations do you have for future research as a result of this work?  Response: We need better tools to help clinicians identify people at high risk for HIV infection who would benefit from PrEP. It would also be helpful to have more studies on different PrEP drugs and different dosing strategies—fortunately, some of this is already underway. Additionally, we need to better understand why some people at high risk for HIV don’t take PrEP or why they don’t take it as prescribed. Adherence is vital to the effectiveness of PrEP, and we need to know how best to promote adherence. This is especially needed among adolescents and minority communities. We need more evidence that includes transgender people so we can better understand PrEP’s effectiveness in this population. Finally, more research is needed to see if there is a link between taking PrEP and a higher risk of other sexually transmitted infections so that clinicians can counsel patients appropriately. MedicalResearch.com: Is there anything else you would like to add? Response: PrEP is not for everyone—it is for people at high risk of getting HIV. Behaviors that put people at high risk include having sex with a partner who has HIV, not always using condoms when having sex with partners who are at high risk, and sharing injection drug needles. Clinicians can determine who is at high risk for HIV by routinely asking about their adolescent and adult patient’s sexual history and injection drug use For patients whose history shows that he or she may be at risk, clinicians should ask questions to figure out that person’s level of risk and recommend PrEP, if appropriate.  Citation: Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement       The information on MedicalResearch.com is provided for educational purposes only, and is in no way intended to diagnose, cure, or treat any medical or other condition. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health and ask your doctor any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. In addition to all other limitations and disclaimers in this agreement, service provider and its third party providers disclaim any liability or loss in connection with the content provided on this website.   Read the full article