#thesis summary

The first hypothesis assumed that the main motivation for reading and writing fan fiction is the need for emotional expression and better self-understanding. This hypothesis was not confirmed. Respondents most frequently indicated motivations such as relaxation and escapism, the desire to remain connected with favorite characters, and the opportunity to explore plotlines omitted or underdeveloped in the canon. Nevertheless, emotional expression and self-understanding were directly mentioned as motivations by nearly half of the respondents, and further clarifying questions revealed even higher rates. Qualitative responses indicate that fan fiction is perceived by a large portion of participants (60.9%) as a form of self-therapy—allowing them to explore difficult experiences, process internal conflicts, and discover new perspectives on their lives. For many, the act of writing or reading fan fiction provides an opportunity for deeper self-reflection and for coping with challenging emotions such as sadness, grief, rejection, or identity crises. Participants often emphasized that fan fiction enables them to "safely" work through painful experiences by creating alternative scenarios and relationships. While emotional expression and self-understanding were not considered the primary motivation by most respondents, they still represent a significant driving force.

The second hypothesis focused on the role of fan fiction in the emotional lives of participants—its ability to support self-exploration, help with coping with life difficulties and intense emotions, improve mood, and function as a form of self-therapy. This hypothesis was confirmed. Data analysis showed that 86% of respondents stated that fan fiction helps them understand their emotions. Survey participants frequently reported that they choose stories featuring characters who face similar struggles, which encourages reflection on their own experiences. Additional factors supporting this process included the opportunity to create alternative endings, discover new ways of problem-solving, and experience a sense of community with other fans who share similar emotions. 85% of participants emphasized that reading or writing stories improves their mood, helps them shift focus away from difficult situations, and reduces emotional tension. For some, the process of writing or reading provides catharsis, helping them release negative emotions such as anger, anxiety, or guilt. 60,9 % of the responders consider fan fiction a form of self-therapy. Fan fiction represents an important space for many individuals to express themselves and explore their identities. Qualitative analysis shows that participants find in fan fiction a sense of acceptance and freedom often lacking in everyday life. It is worth noting that participating in fandoms and fan communities fosters connection with others, encourages sharing personal experiences, and builds a sense of belonging. For many respondents, relationships developed through fan fiction serve as a vital source of social support.

The third hypothesis posited that the most commonly chosen fan fiction genres are angst, hurt/comfort, and fluff, with most respondents engaging both as readers and writers. This hypothesis was confirmed. Among the listed genres, hurt/comfort was the most popular (255 out of 322 responses), with fluff and angst ranking third and fourth, respectively. The second most selected category was AU (alternative universe), which, although not included in the hypothesis, can encompass elements of the previously mentioned genres. Most respondents (67.4%) reported that they both read and write fan fiction.

The fourth hypothesis assumed that fan fiction has a broad reach on the internet—most respondents know other individuals involved in fan fiction, actively participate in online communities, identify with them, and typically discover fan fiction through online platforms and social media. This hypothesis was also confirmed. 79% of respondents stated that they identify with the community of fan fiction readers and/or writers, and most maintain connections with others interested in fan creativity.

In summary, the results of the analysis show that fan fiction is a significant form of creative and emotional activity for both authors and readers. Fan works are particularly meaningful for individuals aged 19 to 34, which may be linked to developmental needs as well as greater fluency in using digital tools. Women are more likely than men to engage in fan fiction, likely due to a stronger inclination toward narrative emotional processing and seeking supportive communities. The study revealed that fan fiction supports processes of self-exploration, reflection, and identity building by enabling the exploration of personal experiences within a safe, fictional context. Furthermore, fan fiction functions as a form of self-therapy—helping reduce emotional tension, offering a space for expression, and facilitating identification with characters who have undergone similar experiences. Fandom communities also play a vital role, offering social support, opportunities for discussion, and a space to develop creative skills.

Conclusion

Both the literature review and the conducted empirical study confirmed that fan fiction can be an effective tool for supporting an individual’s emotional and social development, as well as a form of active bibliotherapy. The findings showed that most respondents perceive fan fiction as a space where they can freely express themselves, explore their identities, process emotions, and find comfort during difficult times. For many participants, fan creation served as a way to relieve stress, work through trauma, and deepen self-understanding. At the same time, they emphasized the high value of fan communities, which provided emotional support and fostered interpersonal relationships.

As a form of bibliotherapy, fan fiction stands out by allowing individuals not only to receive literary content but also to actively transform it—adding alternative plotlines and creating new endings. This kind of creativity may lead to catharsis, new perspectives on one’s experiences, and an enhanced sense of agency and control over one’s life narrative. The study also points to the educational potential of fan fiction—contributing to the development of language skills, writing abilities, and creative thinking.

The conclusions drawn from the research highlight the need for further exploration of fan creativity in therapeutic and pedagogical contexts. Integrating fan fiction into bibliotherapeutic practices may be especially valuable in working with adolescents and young adults—individuals who are searching for identity, struggling with emotional challenges, or in need of a safe space for expression. Additional research should explore the relationship between fan creation and the development of social skills, sense of belonging, and mental well-being.

Fan fiction is no longer merely a form of entertainment—it has become a meaningful tool for helping individuals cope with the challenges of modern life. It is a form of creativity grounded in participatory culture that not only fills gaps in representation but also builds new therapeutic and developmental spaces that respond to real emotional and social needs.