From Gothic terror to wartime refuge: Gaston Leroux’s The Phantom of the Opera and François Truffaut’s The Last Metro mirror each other through a remarkable structural inversion. One theater hides a monster who wields power through invisibility; the other shelters the vulnerable from a monstrous regime.
Gaston Leroux’s 1910 Gothic novel, Le Fantôme de l’Opéra (The Phantom of the Opera), represents a seminal exploration of spatial terror, psy











