Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS).
The advancement in MASS design and construction has developed rapidly, resulting in significant regulatory challenges for future deployment of autonomous vessels. Challenges include the reliability of data transfer communications; cyber security; training requirements for MASS personnel; technical performance criteria for remote operations centres; the need for flag, port and coastal State oversight; and liability and compensation, among many others. The Organization has adopted a holistic approach, involving the MSC, Legal (LEG) and Facilitation (FAL) Committees, in regulating autonomous ships. As part of this coordinated approach, MSC has embarked on the development of a goal-based non-mandatory MASS Code, expected to take effect on 1 January 2025, making 2024 a critical year for the completion of the work. The new Code will provide regulatory certainty for a young and growing industry while, at the same time, ensuring that MASS are at least as safe as conventional ships. With the experience gained in applying the non-mandatory Code, paired with new emerging concepts and technology, the Organization will be working towards a mandatory Code, currently planned to enter into force on 1 January 2028.
