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Papyrus fragment from the temple library of Tebtunis in the Fayum. The hieratic text is a composition intended to protect pharoah; on the verso is a Greek tax list. Portion of a roll formerly owned by Rev. W.F. Good and later by William Randolph Hearst.
Rare Book Collection, Detroit Public Library
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Analyzing 12 ancient Egyptian papyri fragments with X-ray microscopy, researchers were surprised to find previously unknown lead compounds in both red and black inks and suggest they were used for their drying properties rather than as a pigment. A similar lead-based 'drying technique' has also been documented in 15th century European painting, and the discovery of it in Egyptian papyri calls for a reassessment of ancient lead-based pigments.
So the lead compounds were not colouring agents, contributed nothing to the colour, but rather dried the ink quickly. Interesting.
How art history benefits from the tools of materials science...
Once again, I’m blown away by Egyptian Blue! It’s just so incredible that it was the first ever synthetic pigment (at least that we’ve documented thus far). In this other article I was reading (http://www.artinsociety.com/egyptian-blue-the-colour-of-technology.html) the author, McCouat, describes it as “the color of technology” and that just seems so fitting. I mean what a feat of human ingenuity to start messing with making pigments, what a development for art as a whole! Anyway, that being said I guess something I want to refocus on this week is just looking back at fainter glowing areas. I had forgotten Egyptian Blue might not glow as bright when it is mixed with other things so when we didn’t get the bright results I was expecting, I kind of gave up, so I can’t wait for some more work with XRF.
-Sarah
Voluntary slavery? Ancient Egyptians paid a monthly fee to become temple slaves
Becoming bound by eternal, unquestioning servitude as someone’s property is not likely most people’s career of choice. 2200 years ago, however, it seems some Egyptians voluntarily signed up to become temple slaves.
Not only that, they even paid a monthly fee for the “privilege.”
The revelation comes from the work of Egyptologist Kim Ryholt of the University of Copenhagen, who has been studying papyrus slave contracts found in a rubbish dump in the ancient Egyptian temple city of Tebtunis.
“I am your servant from this day onwards, and I shall pay 2½ copper-pieces every month as my slave-fee before Soknebtunis, the great god.”
This is part of the translation of 100 of these papyrus slave contracts that Ryholt has spent years trying to collect and analyse. The documents were scattered in fragments across Egypt, Europe and the US after they were illicitly excavated. In one example, a contract was divided between Copenhagen and the British Museum. Read more.
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Article fort intéressant qui mentionne un papyrus du village de Tebtunis dans le Fayoum (époque gréco-romaine) qui est en fait un contrat d'esclavage volontaire et éternel pour un temple. Le professeur qui publie ces résultats, Dr Kim Ryholt, explique que les gens qui se soumettaient à de tels contrats étaient parfois des prostituées ou des gens qui voulaient éviter entre autres des travaux forcés.
