#td20

Grand Tutor太傅

The Grand Tutor is an ancient office[a]. In the time of King Cheng of Zhou, the Noble of Bi was Grand Tutor.

Han’s 1st Year of Empress Gao [187 BC], they began to set up the Grand Tutor, with golden seal and purple ribbon. In the beginning they employed Wang Ling, later it was rationalized. 8th Year [180 BC] they again set it up. Later it was rationalized. Emperor Ai’s 2nd Year of Yuanshou [1 BC], again set it up, its rank was above that of the Three Nobles. Emperor Ping used Kong Guang as it.

Later Han had the Grand Tutor as the High Noble, 1 person, in charge of the Way of Good, it was an irregular posting. Guangwu used Zhuo Mao as it. When he passed away, it was rationalized. Emperor Ming again used Deng Yu as it[b]. After that, each time an Emperor first was enthroned, they immediately set up a Grand Tutor, Recording the Affairs of the Highest Writers錄尚書事, when [the Grand Tutor] passed away, it was rationalized[c].

When Emperor Huan trod upon the throne, since he had already put on the prime clothes, he did not again set up a Tutor, but only ordered the Grand Commandant太尉, Hu Guang, and the Minister of Foot司徒, Zhao Jie, to Record the Affairs of the Highest Writers. Arriving at Emperor Ling, he again used Chen Fan as Grand Tutor, he and Guang took part in Recording the Affairs of the Highest Writers[d].

At the beginning of Wei, they set up a Grand Tutor, and used Zhong Yao as it[e].

During Jin and Song [the Grand Tutor had] gold insignia and purple ribbon, Thrice Rafted Cap of Advancing the Worthy, plated headwrap 介幘, scarlet court dress, and belt pendants of “mountain dark山玄[?]” jade.

Liang, Later Wei, Northern Qin, Later Zhou and Great Tang all had it.

[a]The Tutor傅 was to tutor them virtue and righteousness.

[b]Deng Yu, courtesy name Zhonghua, for is prime merit was designated Grand Tutor, when advancing he was to look eastward. Also Zhang Yu, coutesy name Boda, moved to Grand Tutor, and resided within in the Palace, when the great officials advanced to eat, after five days they as one returned to their offices. At court he saw special support, he and the Three Nobles had separate mats. Emperor Zhang, since Zhao Xi for three generations had been among the ranked, and he was the prime elder of state, therefore used hima s Grand Tutor. When Emperor He was enthroned, he was young and immature, and since Deng Biao had exalted fame, and Within the Seas had return to humaneness, he summoned him to be Grand Tutor. The hundred officials managed themselves by listening to him, in the extraordinariness of the grace and favour shown, nobody were comparable to him.

[c]For that reason the Broad Commentary says: “Similar to the righteousness of the ancient Supreme Steward managing themselves.”

[d]Chen Fan's aspiration and desire was to weed and hoe the eunuch upstarts, and so cleanse the foundational court. In the chaos of his generation, slander was victorious, and hence brought down his person. Hu Guang replaced him, he folded his hands in silence, and that was all.

The Grand Teacher太師

The Grand Teacher is an ancient office. In the time of Zhou of Yin, the Son of Ji箕子 was it.

In the time of King Wu of Zhou there was the Grand Noble太公, in the time of King Cheng there was the Noble of Zhou 周公, both were Grand Teachers. When the Noble of Zhou passed away, the Noble of Bi畢公 replaced him.

Qin and the beginning of Han both were without it. Arriving at Emperor Ping’s 1st Year of Yuanshi [1 AD], they set it up, using Kong Guang to occupy it with golden seal and purple ribbon, his rank was above of Grand Tutor. The Grand Guardian was secondary to Grand Tutor[a]. During Han’s Eastern Capital, it was again abolished. At the beginning of Emperor Xian, Dong Zhuo became Grand Teacher. When Zhuo was executed, it was again abolished.

In the age of Wei they did not set it up.

At the beginning of Jin, when they set up the Three High Nobles三上公, since Emperor Jing’s taboo was shi師 they set up a Grand Steward太宰 and used it to replace the name of Grand Teacher[b], its rank added to the Three Ministers[c].

Later Wei, Northern Qi, Later Zhou, Sui and Great Tang all had it[d].

 [a]Kong Guang was Grand Teacher and Wang Mang was Grand Tutor. Guang regularly claimed illness, and did not dare to be equal with Mang. The Empress Dowager decreed: “Order the Grand Teacher to be not at court, and bestow a numinous long-life cane. The Prefect of the Yellow Gates黃門令 is to, inside of the Grand Teacher’s department where he sits, set up a table. The Grand Teacher enters inside of the department employing the cane, and bestowed as food the seventeen things.”The “seventeen things” was food prepared from seventeen kinds of things. “Numinous long-life” is a name for wood.

[b]The Book of Jin says: In Emperor Hui’s 1st Year of Tai’an [302 AD], “used the King of Qi, Jiong, as Grand Teacher”. Must at the time have been an error in compiling the accounts.

[c]When Li Xiong of Shu usurped the title, at the time Fan Changsheng drove from Xishan in a plain carriage to go to Chengdu. Xiong designated Changsheng as Grand Teacher of Heaven and Earth天地太師, and ennobled him Captain of Xishan.

[d]During the Tianbao era [742 – 756] and earlier, only used its office to present to Zhongni, and to Zhangsun Zhen, Wu Shiyue武士彠, Dou Yi, Wei Xuanzhen, Zhang Shuo, and Pei Guangting, and that is all. 彠 is pronounced you憂+ fu縛

[Baxter & Sagart: 彠: not listed. yōu憂: (‘- + -juw A). fù縛: (b- + -jak D).

Grand Guardian太保

The Grand Guardian 太保 is an ancient office. In the time of Taijia of Yin, Yi Yin was Grand Guardian.

In the time of King Cheng of Zhou, the Noble of Shao was Grand Guardian.

Emperor Ping of Han's 1st Year of Yuanshi [1 AD], first employed Wang Mang as it. At Guangwu's restoration, it was rationalized.

At the beginning of Wei, they did not set it up. In the final year they first set up a Grand Guardian, and used Zheng Chong as it[a], his rank was above that of the Three Nobles.

When Wu of Jin began to tread upon the throne, he used Wang Xiang as Grand Guardian, advanced his feudal rank to be a Noble, and additionally set up duties for seven officials. The Grand Guardian by these means taught and kept watch over the ruler of the people, and guided with virtue and righteousness[b]. Its insignia, ribbon, pendants, clothes and caps were similar to the Grand Tutor.

Liang, Later Wei, Northern Qi, Later Zhou, Sui, and Great Tang all had it[c].

[a]Chong, courtesy name Wenhe.

[b]When the King of Runan, Liang, became Grand Steward太宰, Recording the Affairs of the Highest Writers, he and the Grand Guardian, Wei Guan, paired up to take charge of court and government. Also when Grand Guardian, used the Nobles to attend to his mansion, and set up a Senior Clerk長史, Minister of Horse 司馬, Companion in Affairs從事, and Central Gentleman中郎 to belong to his staff.