#surface warming

The market for Patient Temperature Management Systems is growing with the expansion of this Industry Sector Worldwide. Fact.MR has added a new report titled “Patient Temperature Management Systems Market Forecast, Trend Analysis & Competition Tracking: Global Review 2017 to 2022”, which offer details about the current trends as well as scope for the Patient Temperature Management Systems Market in the near future. This research study also covers information about the production and market share based on different active regions. Furthermore, an anticipated growth at a double-digit CAGR for the concerned sector is highlighted in the report which indicates a prosperous future.

Patient temperature management systems offer several advantages in the medical parlance, such as reducing the blood loss during surgeries, lowering the risk of neurological disorders after cardiac arrest and for aiding in a rapid recovery post-surgery. Due to such kind of benefits, the hospital stay of patients is cut down to bare minimum, thereby reducing the healthcare costs overall. The rising number of surgeries all over the world is a major driver of the patient temperature management systems market. For example, during an open heart surgery, the lowering down of patient’s body heat is essential, and this is achieved through the process of blood cooling, which helps in reducing the complications before and after the surgery. On the other hand, patient warming systems are used in the treatment of cancer patients who are undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy for more effective results. Patient temperature management systems also have applications in neonatal care, where the temperature of new born babies is regulated by keeping them in incubators. However, most of the patient temperature management systems come with a high cost, and this factor may restrain the market growth.

Patient temperature management systems are used for monitoring and controlling of the body temperature of patients. Patients may require the raising or lowering of their body temperature as per the type of medical conditions they are suffering from. Some surgeries require cooling of the body temperature for preventing blood loss. In some chemotherapy and radiation therapy treatments in cancer patients, body temperature is raised for more effective treatment.

This Fact.MR report on the global patient temperature management systems market forecasts that the global patient temperature management systems market will touch a value of nearly US$ 2,860 Mn in the year 2022 and grow at a steady CAGR during the assessment period.

North America Market Set to Dominate the Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market in Terms of Revenue

The market in North America is set to dominate the global patient temperature management systems market in terms of value and this trend is projected to sustain itself throughout the assessment period. North America patient temperature management systems market is the most attractive market, growing at a steady CAGR over the assessment period. Request For Sample Report- https://www.factmr.com/connectus/sample?flag=S&rep_id=171

Conventional Warming Systems Segment Poised to Touch a Value of Nearly US$ 1,050 Mn in 2022

As per the forecast of Fact.MR, the conventional warming systems segment is expected to reach a value of nearly US$ 1,050 Mn in the year 2022. This represents a steady CAGR during the forecast period of 2017-2022. Conventional warming systems segment is expected to account for more than one-third of the revenue share of the product type segment by the year 2017 and is expected to lose market share by the end of the year 2022.

Hospitals End User Segment to exhibit a CAGR of 5.2% During the Assessment Period

As per the forecast of Fact.MR, the hospitals end user segment is slated to touch a figure of nearly US$ 1,590 Mn in the year 2022. This represents a CAGR of 5.2% during the assessment period from 2017 till the year 2022. This segment is expected to lose market share by the end of the year 2022. The hospitals end user segment is expected to account for more than half of the revenue share of the end user segment by the year 2017.

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4 Forecast Highlights on Global Patient Temperature Management Systems Market

As per the forecast of Fact.MR, the surface warming systems segment is slated to touch a value of nearly US$ 700 Mn in the year 2022. This represents a robust CAGR growth during the assessment period of 2017-2022. The surface warming systems segment is estimated to account for nearly one-fourth of the revenue share of the product type segment by the year 2017 end and is expected to gain in market share by the year 2022 end.

As per the forecast of Fact.MR, the ambulatory surgical centers segment will reach a value of nearly US$ 590 Mn in the year 2017. This represents a moderate CAGR growth during the forecast period. The ambulatory surgical centers segment is estimated to account for more than one-fifth of the revenue share of the end user segment in the year 2017 end and is expected to lose market share by the end of the year 2022.

As per the forecast of Fact.MR, the perioperative care segment is slated to reach a value of nearly US$ 940 Mn in 2022. The perioperative care segment is expected to gain some market value by the end of the year 2022. The largest share is contributed by the North America region in the perioperative care segment.

MR forecasts the neonatal care segment to grow from nearly US$ 305 Mn in 2017 to more than US$ 410 Mn in 2022. This represents a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.5% from 2017 to 2022.

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Competition Tracking

The report also profiles companies that are expected to remain active in the expansion of global patient temperature management systems market through 2022, which include Gentherm Incorporated, C. R. Bard, Inc., Inspiration Healthcare Group plc, Medtronic plc, Smiths Group plc, Stryker Corporation, Asahi Kasei Corporation and 3M Company.

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Skeptical Science

It is well known that the surface has warmed over the past few decades, primarily in response to rising concentrations of greenhouse gases. ENSO variability and other natural factors, have additionally contributed toward year-to-year fluctuations about this warming trend (dark red line in Figure 1). Strong El Niño events add a few tenths of a degree Celsius to the global average surface temperatures. However, there has recently been an observed slowing in the rate of surface warming (compare the red and orangetrend lines in Figure 1) which may be related in part to a greater number of cold La Niña events in the 2000s compared to previous decades (see article by Climate.gov).

Figure 1: Observed changes in global annual average surface temperature relative to 1961-1990 from the HadCRUTv4 dataset which is updated to account for gaps in data coverage (version 2.0 Long Reconstruction). The temperature difference is compared with 1961-1990 average using data from Cowtan & Way (2014). The rate of warming from 1970-2013 (red trend line) is larger than the rate of warming between 1998-2013 (orange line). 

On its own, though, ENSO is only part of the story, and it cannot fully explain how and why extra heat trapped by rising greenhouse gas concentrations is unable to raise surface temperatures; recent research indicates that, if anything, the Earth is gaining heat at an increasing rate. How can warming at Earth’s surface have slowed when energy accumulation is becoming larger? The role of our oceans is central in answering this.

Where is the increasing heat coming from?

As greenhouse gas concentrations continue to rise, infra-red radiative cooling by the surface and the atmosphere (1) to space becomes less effective. This sends the planet out of balance, with more energy arriving through absorbed sunlight than leaving through infra-red radiation. Or to put simply, more energy stays on our planet than leaves, which results in the Earth warming. The heating effect is modified by knock-on effects which amplify or reduce climate change through vicious cycles or "feedbacks."

For example, as the atmosphere warms, observations and basic physics agree that the atmospheric moisture content increases. This enhances the strength of the greenhouse effect, and therefore the overall heating effect, still further. Inexorable rises in greenhouse gas concentrations have driven a radiative imbalance leading to global warming at the surface, which has been amplified by the associated increases in atmospheric moisture. These processes are crucial in explaining rapid global climate change during my lifetime.

So where is the recent surface warming?

While ENSO influences Earth's overall heating rate and global surface temperatures from year to year (Figures 1-2), what explains the diminishing rate of surface warming over the longer period from the 1990s to the 2000s? A number of small volcanic eruptions (which make the planet reflect more sunlight) and a slightly weaker sun in the 2000s compared to the late 1990s are thought to have offset some of the heating effect of rising greenhouse gas concentrations. However, our recent analysis of satellite data, ocean measurements and detailed simulations (see Figure 2) indicates that Earth's heating rate has not diminished over the period 1985-2012. And if anything it has increased. Currently heat is accumulating at a rate approximately equivalent to every person worldwide using 20 tea kettles each to continuously boil the oceans. That's a big tea party. 

Figure 2: Changes in Earth's yearly average heating rate in observations and simulations 1985-2013 (adapted from Allan et al., 2014). Shown here are an average of 9 simulations which applied observed surface temperatures and were adjusted to match the observed average heating rate over the 2005-2010 period. Earth loses heatfollowing large volcanic eruptions such as Mt. Pinatubo in 1991 which injected aerosol particles into the stratosphere, reflecting more of the incoming sunlight back to space. Also important are changes in ocean circulation associated with ENSO: during the strongest El Niño events, such as 1997/8, warm ocean surface waters heat theatmosphere and more thermal infra-red radiation is emitted to space (there is a lag between the peak of the El Niño and the decrease in the heating rate of the planet) . Conversely, during La Niña events colder conditions in the east Pacific generally lead to a reduced rate at which energy is lost from the global oceans causing a greater overallheating rate of the planet (see above).

As we all know from boiling up a pan of vegetables for dinner, you have to put in quite a bit of energy to raise the temperature of water: approximately 4,000 Joules to heat a kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius. And it turns out that Earth's capacity to take upheat is primarily determined by our vast oceans, all 1.4 billion billion tons of them (1.4×1021kg) (2). But only the upper layers of the ocean are well mixed over the course of a year or a decade. Exchanging energy between the surface layers and the deep sea (defined here as depths below 700 meters (2,300 feet)) can be a glacially slow processes for much of ocean.

Observations and simulations demonstrate that the upper ocean has warmed up much more than deeper layers (in fact, a recent study indicates that observed warming in the upper 700 meters, shown in Figure 3, has been underestimated in the Southern hemisphere due to the sparse distribution of measurements). Some parts of the deep abyss (down below 4 kilometres, or 2.5 miles) may even be cooling and an evaluation of current satellite data and ocean measurements cannot detect a significant warming and associated contribution to sea level rise from layers deeper than 2000 meters (1.2 miles); many parts of the deep oceans are apparently still blissfully unaware that anything untoward is occurring at the surface!

Figure 3: Top: Depth-averaged temperature trends (in degrees Celsius per decade) in the upper 700 metres of the ocean for 1971-2010 (colours). Bottom: Observed warming rate (in degrees Celsius per decade) in the upper 700 metres of the ocean averaged over lines of latitude for the period 1971-2010 (colours) with average ocean temperature also shown (black contour lines in degrees Celsius) [Source: IPCC (2013) Working Group 1 assessment report, Figure 3.1]. Variability in ocean circulation associated with ENSOgenerally affects the way heat is mixed in the upper few hundred metres of the ocean (a recent analysis indicates that 85% of the year to year variability in sea level change due to thermal expansion of the upper 2000m of the ocean is explained by the upper 700m depth).

What explains slowing rates of surface warming?

Recent research indicates that fluctuations within the ocean, operating over longer timescales and at greater depth than the circulation changes associated with ENSO, are stealing some of the heat from the surface layers, thereby depriving the atmosphere of the warmth from the ocean surface. Changes in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans have been implicated as prime suspects.  Strengthening trade winds in the Pacific, blowing from east to west associated with a La Niña-like enhanced Walker circulation, have been linked to a well-studied decade to decade variability called the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Thisappears to be the driving force in burying heat just a few hundred metres below the sea surface.