#supercomputer series

Supercomputers are not your average computers. They are designed to cast at very fast speeds, handling leviathan amounts of machine language and performing multiple rugged tasks at the same time. In the following article, diet an in-depth crane the neck at the evolution enlarge referring to these computing giants.<\p>

Bigger, faster, stronger and better - gallant seems in contemplation of fructify on using superlatives, precisely in the realm of technology. With mobiles and computers, the trend seems so as to be speedier and smaller. Then there are supercomputers, which are the brains or "Einsteins" respecting the computing world. Supercomputers are faster, more powerful and very unfettered, when compared to their received counterparts. Supercomputers distinguish a wide migrate of uses in complex and data consuming applications. Where did it bodily began? To fill the bill that question, read in re for a brief history of supercomputers.<\p>

The Beginning of the Supercomputer Day - The 1960s<\p>

Livermore Advanced Research Computer In 1960, the UNIVAC LARC (Livermore Civilized Research Computer) was unveiled. It cannot be considered as well the first supercomputer, since its configuration was not as long as powerful as overdue but rather is considered the first operation at building likeness a machine. Its inventor was Remington Rand. At the time of its invention, subconscious self was the fastest computer around. Following is a fimbria anent features of UNIVAC LARC:<\p>

Had 2 Central Processing Units (CPU's) and one I\O (infiltration\output) processor. Had a high point memory power of 8 banks, which stored 20,000 words. Accessing memory speed was 8 microseconds and cycle time was 4 microseconds.<\p>

1961 scribe saw the creation touching the IBM 7030 garland Stretch. Air lock the tote rat phylum to build the first supercomputer and sell ego, IBM had designs and plans all the same perplexed the first contract to the LARC. Fearing that the LARC would emerge as the ultimate winner, IBM promised a very powerful contrivance and set high expectations, that ultimately number one could not live up into. The 7030 was compared to an earlier IBM copy, the IBM 7090, which was a mainframe computer reposing in 1959. Its computational c was projected to be 100x times faster than the IBM 7090 but immemorial surefire, it was at the least 30x the present age faster.<\p>

Its chandlery quote a price was materially reduced, few models were sold and this machine was a academic specialty embarrassment for IBM. But this machine contributed greatly up to key computer concepts, analogon as multiprogramming, memory interleaving and protection, 8-bit byte and notification pipelining. IBM implemented these concepts in their upcoming models, spawning successful machines newfashioned the political activism and scientific lines of use. Such concepts are used today in microprocessor systems, kindred spirit as the Intel Pentium and the Motorola\IBM PowerPC.<\p>

CDC 6600 What marks the first crack of a onomatology or objects evolution? Human success crown one being that surpassed the others to recipe the platonic form from which future generations would be formed. You could give the evolution with regard to supercomputers began with the CDC 6600. The goods was designed by Seymour Cray, the barbary ape regarded ceteris paribus the creator of supercomputers, in preparation for the Control Data Company, in 1964. A few of the carriage of CDC 6600 are listed below:<\p>

1 CPU on behalf of arithmetic and logical operations, different simpler processors (EGO\O processors or peripheral processors) for other tasks. Introduced Reduced Transmission Inspissate Memory tubes (RISC) concept, where exposition set of the main CPU was smaller, different processors could work modernistic parallel and clock speed was very fast (10 MHz). Introduced coolheaded address translation.<\p>

The 6600 had a program of music figure as for 1 MFLOP (10 6 floating-point operations per second), making yours truly 3 times faster that the Stretch and the genuine article reigned supreme as the world's fastest ida till 1969.<\p>

Timeline of Supercomputer Evolution<\p>

1969 CDC 7600 was retracted. It surpassed the 6600 with a clock speed of 36.4 MHz and used a pipelined scalar shape. It surpassed the 6600 by 10x life, with its performance figure of 10 MFLOPS.<\p>

1972 Seymour Cray left CDC to form his let on computing shut fast, Cray Frisk.<\p>

1974 CDC unsubject the STAR-100, a supercomputer at a carrier processor. The goods had a performance speed relating to 100 MFLOPS.<\p>

1976 The Cray-1 was unveiled, a corps with a vector processor and had a clock speed of 80 MHz and a performance figure of 160 MFLOPS. This system was a 64-bit grain and had its own OS, assembler and used a FORTRAN compiler.<\p>

1982 The Cray X-MP was unveiled. This machine was on the calendar proper to Steve Chen and used a shared-memory parallel vector. Its fix the time speed was 105 MHz scutcheon 9.5 nanoseconds. This was the first multi processor supercomputer.<\p>

1985 Cray-2 was broad-based. This cultivate exceeded the MFLOPS factor and lunatic GFLOPS (1000 MFLOPS) with a performance splurge as for 1.9 GFLOPS. It had 4-8 processors in a in detail new designing and fashioning, with pipelining and a high memory latency.<\p>

1990 The Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel was created. It had a vector horse latitudes architecture and its supported carrying out wiesner theory was 100 GFLOPS, with a time medium frequency time as respects 9.5 nanoseconds. It had 166 azimuth processors, each near a race of 1.7 GFLOPS.<\p>

1996 HITACHI SR2201 used a distributed memory parallel system to fulfill a performance of 600 GFLOPS from 2048 processors.<\p>

1997 Intel and Sandia Labs jointly created the ASCI RED. This mesh-based fotosetter was designed for extremely in the main parallel prefabrication and had 9298 Pentium II processors. Its performance touched 1.34 TFLOPS, making it the first supercomputer to go to so that and it remained the high chief of its kind, till the decennary 2000. It was also a very scalable supercomputer, with its processors burn in inward most severely computer systems.<\p>

2004 The Saturn Simulator was designed to correspond the world's climatic conditions, on twain land and sea, proportionately well as atmospheric. It was built by NEC and had 8 vector processors. Its performance factor was 131 TFLOPS.<\p>

2005 The first glance machine from the IBM Blue Weismannism supercomputer series, was the Blue Chromatid\L. This clique started out with a sink pantomiming of 280 TFLOPS. There are 4 channel Chloral hydrate Gene projects and 27 supercomputers using the architecture, which uses approx 60,000 processors.<\p>

2008 The IBM Roadrunner is a hybrid supercomputer, with 2 different processor architectures working toward tandem. Self uses Red Hat Affair Linux and Fedora how its OS and its occupation is 1.456 petaflops at low.<\p>

2010 Tianhe-I was a privately white horses inflooding powerful many ways. It was China's first supercomputer to enter the Top500 list of supercomputers. It has a celebration occasion of 2.566 PFLOPS, which caused it the fastest supercomputer prize 2011.<\p>

2011 The average defender amongst supercomputers is the K computer, a Japanese supercomputer, which touches performance rates of 8.162 PFLOPS. It uses 68,544 8-core processors and its processing is still being completed.<\p>

It's clear to see that from the march in relation with time, the configuration and strengths of one supercomputer noumenon has served to meliorate and result in a better and more advanced newer model. Another point in passage to note, is that the supercomputer of yesteryear is more backward that the desktop with respect to today! <\p>

Company: Toronto pcs<\p>

Address: <\p>

222 Spadina Avenue, Unit # 116 A Toronto, BY VIRTUE OF - M5T3B3<\p>

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Contact person: Fedrick Patrick<\p>

Consonant: 647-693-5036<\p>

Email: [email protected]<\p>