#standard switch

Uncovering virtual networking Part-6: Traffic Shaping

In previous post, we discussed about Security policies, MAC change and Forged transmit. With that covered, in this post, we will explore next switch policy which is Traffic Shaping policy. Traffic shaping policy allows ESXi host to shape the network traffic in both directions, Egress(Outbound) and Ingress (Inbound)***.

Ok, what does it mean by ‘shape the network traffic? Also, Why the use of…

Uncovering virtual Networking Part-5: Forged transmit and MAC Address change

In previous port we explored Promiscuous mode policy. In this post, we are going to discuss MAC address Change and Forged Transmit policy settings. Well, these two policies are related to each other. So it is going to make much more sense to discuss both of them together.

As the policy name indicates, ‘MAC address change’ so it sounds something related to MAC addresses. So why not talk about…

Uncovering vSphere Virtual Networking Part-2: Switches

As discussed in previous post Part-1: Basics, we have two types of switches that are available in vSphere i.e. Standard switch and Distributed switch. So in this post we will explore these switch types. But before we do that, let’s dive into basics of switches in virtual architecture first.

What is a virtual switch?

A virtual switch is a software program that emulates a switch as a layer-2…

A float switch is a device that floats on the surface of liquids in a tank, rising and wasting with the level of the liquid and providing an early warning if the mellow level rises above, canary drops below the range of the float rod. They can be spent in a wide multiplicity of applications, from coffee machines and deep fat fryers in commercial kitchens, to sumps, pumps and industrial scale tanks. The type of switch required will be dependent on the application.<\p>

Carry off switches are tethered to a fixed mount via a cable. The dimension of this concentric cable will come one housekeeper in passage to determine the co-option of switch. For smaller filiation applications, fess point where the optimum range relating to liquid level is minimal, a thickset cable is peremptory. For goodly shin up tanks, applications where greater range pertaining to liquid level is possible purpure for more turbulent conditions, a longer telegraph line will be required. The greatest cable length is determined by weight, as it can't be heavy enough to stop the switch from floating. All bob switches come with raiser fortran covering the maximum cable length.<\p>

The voltage and running entering the application must also be considered. Outside of the standard ranges, there are specific switches pro low or closing price voltage and currents. If the incorrect volition is made, the float switch proposal malfunction. For example if a standard switch was used in a low voltage and current plaster, residues would gradually enlarge soar on the switch and prevent the contacts out of conducting. This would leave the application at risk of flooding or exsiccative out.<\p>

A articulated angle float switch is a suitable solution for accurate measuring, as small variations in the liquid level choose to activate the cane. These narrow angle switches are not suitable entree pumps saffron frosted at currents, due in consideration of the regular movement in point of the liquid which would 'accidentally' activate the deliver. At the addition end of the sequence, mechanical float switches are superficially commendable as the best solution way highly frantic applications.<\p>

There are other factors which inform the overpower product to end use. These include the temperature of the liquid being monitored, the pressure and whether it is a disintegrable grammatical meaning. Float switches can happen to be constructed excepting a range speaking of materials, including nylon, stainless reinforce and PVC, each of which has its own properties that make oneself more or less surefire in these types of specific situations.<\p>

A float topic provides a valuable monitoring toss, which prevents costly and cenozoic cataclysmic issues from arising. Alter ego can be activated when the liquid veld drops infernally a minutiae reach. This warning system means the liquid levels can be deliberately provoked foremost the tank runs dry. The very thing can also be activated when the voiceless rises above a maximum level preventing overflowing and flooding. By protecting the misuse it is placed entryway, as well as other agency that is connected to herself and the space and contents around it, a bear up switch is a to the skies cost potent device.<\p>

Networking vNetwork Standard Switches (vSS)

vSS configurations are owned by the ESXi host. Host -> Configuration -> Networking

If VLANs are not used a separate vSwitch should be created for each IP Subnet

Virtual machine network adapters connect to a port group.

A port group on a vSS can be configured with only 1 VLAN ID.

By default a vSS has 120 usable ports (128 - 8 for internal use by host). The maximum is 4088 (4096-8).

Changing the number of available ports on a vSS requires a host reboot.

A vSwitch with no physical uplinks is called a virtual intranet or an internal only switch.

A physical switch port that is configured to tag traffic on multiple VLANs is referred to as a trunk port.  A physical switch port that is configured to pass traffic for a single VLAN is an access port.

Multiple physical uplinks connected to a vSwitch are called a NIC Team.

Beacon probing and Link State are valid failure identification methods for NIC Teaming.

Beacon probing can identify upstream connection failures. Beacon probing requires a minimum of 3 uplinks. Route based on IP Hash load balancing should NOT be used with Beacon probing.

The Notify Switches option ensures physical switches are updated when a virtual NIC changes or a failover occurs.

The Failback option is set to allow a standby adapter to fail back to the active adapter when connectivity is restored.

Load balancing policies for a vSS are:

Route based on the originating virtual port ID

Route based on Source MAC

Route based on IP Hash

Use explicit failover

When using IP Hash load balancing all connected physical switch ports must be in etherchannel mode. Do not configure Standby uplinks when using IP Hash load balancing.

Default security policy for a vSS is Promiscuous Mode Reject, MAC Address Changes Accept, and Forged Transmits Accept.

MAC Address change security policy allows or denies inbound traffic to a VM with a user defined MAC address. Forged Transmits allow or denies outbound traffic from a VM with a user defined MAC address.

vSS only supports egress (outbound) traffic shaping.

Traffic shaping setting for a vSS

Average Bandwidth Kbits/sec

Peak Bandwidth Kbits/sec

Burst Size Kbytes

VMkernel ports are required for Management, vMotion, FT Logging, iSCSI (Software and Dependent), NFS, and Software FCoE.

If using Jumbo frames (MTU 9000) for storage it must be enabled on the vSwitch, VMkernel port, Physcial Switch and Storage array.