#space notes

Here. A treat

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QUANTUM MECHANICS:

-There is not a theory of quantum gravity. This theory has been worked on for decades, but the current theories and laws we have for the larger universe are not very easily applicable to the smaller realm of quantum physics. It is believed that the interior of black holes will give hints into the nature of the behavior of the quantum realm. String theory, quantum loop gravity, general relativity can all help as well.

-Does the event horizon radius size determine the internal gravity and size of a black hole? This question is deemed unanswerable by our current understanding of black holes and their central behaviors. This is due to the difficulty of understanding the quantum mechanics of the black holes.

WORM HOLES:

-It is theorized that if someone/something were to travel along the perfect curvature and space time of a black hole, and travel along the event horizon to a certain point, a wormhole could be reached.

-Worm holes are currently theoretical, as a Perfect (symmetrical, perfect orbit, perfect roundness) object in space is near to nonexistent.

It is theorized that as you go into singularity in black hole, its connected to a white hole, which will in turn spew you out. This would be a worm hole. (White holes are the opposite of black holes, black holes are of infinite density and suck in matter, white holes have an infinitely negative density and constantly spew out matter. White holes are also theoretical.

-You can Look for wormholes (and white holes) but its unclear how/why they would form. White holes would keep the law of conservation of mass, by balancing out the presence of black holes, but so far there has been none found in the universe.

GRAVITATIONAL WAVES:

-GRAVITATIONAL WAVE MEMORY: Gravitational wave can PASS THROUGH a distortion in space, and the wave will have an effect on it, it is Altered and cannot be changed back. Gravitational waves are Very hard to alter, and a celestial body or other interference of the wave would have to be of a Very large magnitude or have a very massive effect upon the wave to alter it.

-REDSHIFT IS IMPORTANT TO STUDY: all signals are redshifted to some degree, studying redshift allows to account for it in signals, meaning you can much more accurately pinpoint gravitational signals.

-PULSAR TIMING is another way to detect gravitational waves. However, the data from this form of measurement can become very redshifted, that has to be accounted for.

-The theory of gravitational waves effects diffraction.

-When a star collapses, the mass lost is the mass that was lost into gravitational waves. (Mass is converted into energy, which translates into gravitational waves which ripple the fabric of the universe)

-DETECTING GRAVITATIONAL WAVES:

-Gw170728 is our current largest reach if gravitational wave detection. (9.785 billion light years.) 1/10 size of observable universe.

-More detectors reduce glitches/interference and have better localization. (See where in sky wave is coming from, help triangulate.)

2 detectors = 2 dimensional plane of detection, 3 detectors = 3 dimensional plane, easier to pinpoint.

-LISA is the new and larger version of the LIGO project which will be released into space in ~ 15 years. Its arms will be 150 million kilometers long which will detect longer gravitational waves, which are produced by larger black holes. These supermassive black holes are nearly undetectable by our current observatories.

-Electron Degeneracy Pressure- (RESEARCH)

BLACK HOLES:

-PRIMORDIAL BLACK HOLES do not form by the collapse of stars. (Do they form by means of dark matter? This could explain why there are many black holes we do not see?)

-The size (event horizon) of a black hole is directly related to the mass of the black hole. (Equation: 2gm/c^2)

-NEUTRON STAR center is loose nuclear material (neutrons protons, No atoms; there is too much gravitational pressure for atoms to remain stable) Any larger objects (black holes) would have essentially nothing at their cores due to the immense pressure of gravity.

-CHEMICAL NATURE OF BLACK HOLE: (Too collapsed, not much to measure. Chemical nature is considered unable to be studied or measured.) Center of black hole is a vacuum, nothing, aside from material it spews out. This creates the Black hole information paradox. All black holes of the same size, shape, and density become the same. Where did all the information go that made the bodies identifiable? This question could be understood if the quantum speculation of the black hole could be understood/observed.

-ORBITAL ROTATION OF BLACK HOLES:

Magnetic fields might not play a significant role in the orbital rotation of black holes, as the gravitational forces are so extreme that the magnetic forces are minuscule in comparison, and do not effect the orbital rotation anywhere near to the effect that the gravitational forces have on orbital rotation.

-GEODESICS are a subsection of general relativity. Geodesics are the path a test body will take; in this case it is stages of orbital collapse as an object orbits a black hole.

-Oscillating geodesics: geodesics that are right next to each other.