#rvaginter

(NCpedia) — Harper's Weekly illustration, January 15, 1887 issue — showing women hand-rolling cigarettes in a Virginia factory

This establishment, which was the first of its kind in Virginia, was founded in 1865, by Messrs. Allen & Ginter. They employ eleven hundred hands, nearly all of whom are girls, have eighteen commercial salesmen on the road, and their goods are known all over the world. This was the first Cigarette Factory in the United States that employed female help in manipulating Cigarettes, and the superiority of this labor over all other is attested by the fact that all other Cigarette factories are following the example of Messrs. Allen & Ginter.

(VCU) — 1889 Baist Atlas Map of Richmond — Plate 1 — showing the warehouse (left), stemmery (center), & factory (bottom) locations

They occupy three large brick buildings, each 70x150 feet, five stories high, which gives them the vast amount of 157,500 square feet of floor space. The two buildings at the corner of 7th and Cary streets, are the manufacturing and shipping departments, while the one at the corner of 6th and Cary streets is used exclusively for the storage and preparing of leaf.

August 2019 — looking towards former warehouse location at Sixth & Cary Streets NW

The entire works are fitted throughout with the most modern machinery, and other appliances, for the successful prosecution of their immense business. The establishment is a paragon of neatness, and the most complete system reigns throughout the premises. They have branch houses in New York, Chicago, San Francisco and London. 

August 2019 — looking towards former stemmery location at 600 East Cary Street

Their production is chiefly fine grades of Cigarettes and Smoking Tobacco. Their Cigarettes have a reputation that has made them a standard article in all parts of the world. They have received the highest awards of merit at the great exhibitions in Philadelphia, Paris, Sydney, Melbourne and New Orleans.

August 2019 — looking towards former factory location at Seventh & Cary Streets SW

In addition to their immense sale in this country, they export them to all parts of the world, and there is scarcely a country in which they are not sold. While the sale of adulterated brands of many American manufacturers has been prohibited in Great Britain, their absolutely pure goods have attained the largest popular sale ever known in Cigarettes in that country, with a steadily increasing demand.

(EBay) — Allen & Ginter Tobacco Reverse Painted Glass Sign, circa 1890

Their Cigarettes are made with different degrees of strength to suit all tastes. They use the tasteless French rice paper, made in France expressly for them. It has no smell, and its purity is such that in burning scarcely an atom of ash remains.

(Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden) — advertisement for Richmond Gem, Richmond Straight Cut, & Our Little Beauties

Among their leading brands, are "Richmond Straight Cuts," "The Pet," "Dubec" (genuine Turkish), "Virginia Brights," "Opera Puff," "Our Little Beauties," "Perfection," "Richmond Gem," "Sunny South," "Dixie," and "Dainties."

Among their Smoking Mixtures, are "Imperial," "Richmond Gem," " Richmond Straight Cut, No. 1," "Perique," "Turkish," "Richmond Mixture, Nos. 1 and 2."

Cut Plug Tobaccos. "Cable Coil," "Dixie Chop," "Richmond Cavendish, Nos. 1 and 2," "Imperial Cavendish," &c, &c. Granulated Tobaccos. "Matchless," "Buds and Blossoms," "Dixie," and "Killickinnick."

(Find A Grave) — John Frederick Allen

In 1882, Mr. Allen, the senior partner, retired, and Mr. Lewis Ginter admitted Mr. John Pope into co partnership, continuing under the old firm name. No firm in existence is more liberal to its employees, or mindful of their interests. Messrs. Ginter and Pope are two of Richmond's most progressive and representative business men. [IOR]

(Find A Grave) — Lewis Ginter

Allen & Ginter succeeded in dominating the cigarette market in large part due to Lewis Ginter’s singular business acumen. Not only did he create a successful blend of bright and burley tobaccos for a tempting, tasty smoke, he also knew how to market his ciggies. [CIGC] 

(Rocket Werks RVA Cigarette Cards)

Starting in 1875, Allen & Ginter became the first tobacco company to issue colorful trading cards with each pack of smokes. Originally, the intent was practical, to stiffen the soft cigarette packs, but by adding a colorful advertising plug, they set off a collector craze that drove sales and forced the industry to follow suit. (Collectors Weekly)

Unfortunately, Ginter’s skills were not universal, and it cost him.

(U. S. Patent & Trademark Office) — diagram from James Albert Bonsack's U.S. patent 238,640, granted March 8, 1881

As mentioned above, Allen & Ginter’s factory output was all derived by hand. Rolling cigarettes was time-consuming, required a large labor force, and limited production. As cigarettes became more popular with the smoking public, tobacco companies started looking for ways to automate the process. Allen & Ginter sponsored a competition for a solution, which was won in 1881 by 22-year-old American inventor James Bonsack.

(PeoplePill) — James Albert Bonsack, sporting a smug “I’m so smart” expression that makes you want to smack him

Bonsack produced a machine that rolled a single long cigarette that was then cut into separate pieces. However, the technology was new and finicky, requiring lots of tinkering to keep it operational. In a singular example of not being able to read the tea leaves, Allen & Ginter elected not to use the device, preferring to stay with their tried and true process.

Enter everyone’s favorite tobacco villain, James Buchanan Duke, President of American Tobacco Company.

(Duke University Libraries) — James Buchanan Duke

Duke saw the promise of the Bonsack Machine and immediately inked a deal for its exclusive use. American Tobacco Company actively worked with Bonsack to improve the device, which eventually came to dominate the industry. It gave Duke a powerful competitive advantage over his rivals and led to Ginter’s surrender in 1890. Allen & Ginter was reduced to a being a subsidiary of the new American Tobacco Company Trust, led by Duke as its new president. [CIGC]

(Vintage Richmond) — showing the Imperial Tobacco Company building that replaced the former Allen & Ginter warehouse in 1904 at the NW corner of Sixth & Cary, itself demolished in the late 70s

As for the Allen and Ginter locations, it is difficult to pin down when they were built and when they fell, but their operations would eventually relocate to the American Tobacco Company’s new factory on North Twentieth Street. The former Allen & Ginter buildings were picked up by other tobacco enterprises, and their glory days were over.

(Allen & Ginter is part of the Atlas RVA! Project)

Print Sources

[CIGC] The Cigarette Century. Allan M. Brandt. 2007.

[IOR] Industries of Richmond. James P. Wood. 1886

(American Antiquities) — a cigarette card enclosed in Allen & Ginter’s cigarettes

Richmonders need no introduction to Major Lewis Ginter whose genius in packaging and marketing cigarettes earned him a fortune.

May 2018

Acknowledged during this time as the wealthiest man in Richmond and possibly in the state, Ginter spared little expense in erecting, appointing, and furnishing his new residence on Franklin Street, which was completed by 1892.

May 2018

While estimates vary concerning Ginter's actual cash outlay--one listing it as $250,000--it seems that this house was the most expensive private residence that had ever been built in Richmond. It has two faces: the Shafer Street side has overtones of the Richardsonian principles of Romanesque Revival with its characteristic low and sweeping arched-entry and a two-story round bay with stone parapet and a curved foundation base of rough ashlar. 

May 2018

On the Franklin Street side the building is far more formal and Queen Anne: its asymmetrical face is wide, smooth, and somber, ad is anchored on one end by a three-story corner tower and fronted by a strong and masculine stone porch. Harvey Lindsley Page, who at the time was practicing in Washington, D. C., was the architect chosen by Ginter. 

[RFD]

After Ginter's death in 1897 the property was owned for a number of years by his niece, Grace Arents. In 1924, it was purchased by the city for its first public library and in 1930 became the second addition to the future Virginia Commonwealth University complex. The Ginter House now serves as an administration building for the university. [RFD]

May 2018

And it still serves the Greater Good of VCU today — as much of an iconic structure for the Monroe Park campus as the Egyptian Building is for the MCV campus.

While his popularization of ciggys may be of questionable value for humanity, Ginter’s exquisite taste is not. His $250,000 ($6,229,248.28 in 2018 dollars) bought a MacDaddy house of enormous scale and must have been an influence for the mammoth houses along Monument Avenue, such as the Branch House.

(Ginter House is part of the Atlas RVA Project)

Sources

(Flickr) — Lewis Ginter

Lewis Ginter was an ex-Confederate and tobacco magnate who loved to build things. He built Ginter House on Franklin Street in 1892, the Jefferson Hotel in 1895, and North Side’s Ginter Park neighborhood, all gifts to Richmond’s architecture portfolio.

(Times Dispatch)

He also purchased an old plantation called Westbrook, and turned it into a Queen Anne mansion, with help from the architect who designed Maymont for James H. Dooley. (Shockoe Examiner) It was quite the spiff affair, featuring, among other things, a private barbershop, and one-lane bowling alley. [LGR]

(Pinterest) — Gabriel Prosser

Less well known is that the plantation was once a meeting place for slaves, where Gabriel Prosser plotted his ill-fated rebellion in 1800.

Ginter died in 1897, and by 1911 Westbrook had been converted to a sanatorium, complete with its own truck farm, dairy, and poultry yard.

A private institution of 135 beds, located in the Ginter Park suburb, within ten minutes ride of the heart of the city, and on the Richmond-Washington National Automobile highway. Nearby are many reminders of the civil war, and many places of historic interest are within easy walking distance.

The scope of the work of the sanatorium is limited to the diagnosis and the treatment of nervous and mental disorders, alcoholic and drug habituation. (Pinterest)

(Asylum Projects) — Sanborn Insurance Maps of Richmond (1925) — Westbrook Sanitarium

The early 20th century was a hot-bed of experimentation with the treatment of mental illness, and the emergence of psychiatric hospitals. It wasn't all good, including development of things like shock therapy with insulin or cardiazol, electroconvulsive therapy, deep sleep therapy with barbiturates, lobotomization, sterilization, and other cool stuff. (Wikipedia)

(Flickr) — Thorazine advertisement

American psychiatrist Thomas Szasz, likened institutional psychiatry to a continuation of the Inquisition.

Nevertheless, Westbrook Sanatorium promised an ideal place for rest and up-building under medical supervision, plus four physicians (who) reside at the sanatorium and devote their entire attention to the patients. (Pinterest)

November 2017

The good times didn't last, and the institution moved to new location as Charter Westbrook Psychiatric Hospital in 1975. Ginter’s beautiful house was deemed a sacrifice for the greater good of Westminster Canterbury, which opened in that year. The revised campus has expanded since, and continues to provide quality senior living space.

Atlas RVA Project

Sources