#routing protocol

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) OSPF organizes the network into areas to improve scalability, efficiency, and manageability of Large and reduce the complexity of routing information exchange. OSPF area type configuration depends on the specific network design and requirements. Different areas provide different levels of control and routing information exchange, and they can be used to optimize…

As a link-state routing protocol, OSPF uses a more structured mechanism to share routing protocols and does not depend on or follow routing-by-rumor as other routing protocols like RIP and IGRP. OSPF routers keep track of the status of links within their respective areas and neighbours and based on the link state SPF algorithm is run and the topology database is created. OSPF LSA Types What is…

As we all are aware about OSPF Routing protocols and its basic features and characteristics. But OSPF is very Vast and useful protocol for every environment.  Here we will discuss about their advance features like Area type, Stater and DR/DBR selection. What is OSPF, DR & BDR OSPF Neighbor States Neighbor adjacencies will progress through several states, including: Down – indicates that no Hellos…

Conclusion of IS-IS Protocol

IS-IS is a link state routing protocol that is pretty similar like OSPF. Routers send the hello packet for the maintaining of the neighbor adjacency. Nutt and bolts of the Intermediate System-Intermediate System:

Area Tag (Optional and Alphanumeric).

System ID (The Physical Address).

Area ID ( 16/32 bits)

There are three types of the routers in the IS-IS:

Level 1-2 routers have both role intra area and backbone.

Level 1 routers are the intra area routers.

Level 2 routers are the backbone routers.

Neighbor adjacencies are only built in between the same level routers. So the default level on the Cisco devices is Level 1-2. Every router generate the link state packets for each level that is configured. LSP contains the prefixes, neighbor adjacency, and metric. Level 1 LSPs are flooded with in area. Level 2 LSPs are flooded with in backbone area. Level 1-2 routers that are connected to the other area will set the attached bit in their level 1 LSP. Level 1 routers will generate the default route towards the level 1-2 router when they see the attached bit. Every router needs the Network Entity Title.

There are the four metric values:

Default Metric

Delay

Expense

Error

Cisco support the metric value default metric that is always 10 and that is the configurable parameter. IS-IS select the designated Intermediate system on the multi access networks and that selection on the base on the following points:

Interface priority

Highest SNPA

Physical Address on a LAN

DLCI on frame relay

System ID

There is no backup of the designated Intermediate system if another router has the highest priority, then it will frequently take a role of DIS. The DIS is responsible for the creating the pseudonode there are two responsibilities of the  pseudonode:

Creating pseudonode LSP

Creating the CSNP

Wireless Sensor Network Protocol with PEGASIS GA to Enhance the Network Lifetime

by Dipak Prasad Poudel | Preeti Sondhi "Wireless Sensor Network Protocol with PEGASIS (GA) to Enhance the Network Lifetime"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38645.pdf 

Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/38645/wireless-sensor-network-protocol-with-pegasis-ga-to-enhance-the-network-lifetime/dipak-prasad-poudel

openaccessjournalofengineering, engineeringjournal, paperpublicationforengineering