#rivastigmine

Rivastigmine is a medication commonly used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory impairment.

Common Brand Name: Exelon

Generic Available

Common Dosage Forms:

Capsules: 1.5 mg, 3 mg, 4.5 mg, 6 mg (as rivastigmine tartrate)

Solution: 2 mg/mL (as rivastigmine tartrate)

Transdermal Patch: 4.6 mg/24 hours, 9.5 mg/24 hours, 13.3 mg/24 hours (as rivastigmine base)

FDA Indications/Dosages:

For the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer’s type: Oral: Initiate treatment with 1.5 mg given twice a day. After 2 weeks, and if well tolerated, the dose may be increased to 3 mg twice a day. Subsequent increases to 4.5 mg or 6 mg twice a day may be made every 2 weeks, if tolerated. Oral solution and capsules may be interchanged in equal doses. Transdermal: Initiate treatment with 4.6 mg/hour patch applied to the skin once daily. After 4 weeks, and if well tolerated, the dose may be increased to the maximum daily dose of 13.3 mg/24 hours.

For the treatment of dementia associated with Parkinson’s Disease: Initiate treatment with 1.5 mg twice a day. After 4 weeks, and if well tolerated, the dose may be increased to 4.5 mg and 6 mg twice a day may be made every 4 weeks, if tolerated.

Monitor: LFT, RFT, Weight

Pharmacology/Pharmacokinetics: Rivastigmine is a cholinergic agonist which increases acetylcholine through reversible inhibition to its hydrolysis by cholinesterase. After application of transdermal patches, peak plasma levels are reached in 8 hours with 1 hour lag times of absorption. Elimination half-life is 3 hours following patch removal. Metabolism occurs via hydrolysis by cholinesterase and excretion via the kidneys. Rivastigmine is loosely bound to plasma proteins (40%).

Drug Interactions: Smoking increases rivastigmine clearance. May increase the effects of other cholinergic agonists and inhibit the actions of anticholinergics.

Contraindications/Precautions: Contraindicated in patients allergic to any component of any formulation. Use a lower dose and caution in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. Use with caution in patients at risk for seizures and in patients with COPD. Use caution in patients with history of stomach ulcers. Use with caution in nursing mothers. Pregnancy Category B.

Adverse Effects: The most common adverse effect (>10%) with the oral and transdermal dosage forms is nausea. Vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and weight loss are also common (5-10%). Less common effects are dizziness, anxiety, headache, depression, UTI, and fatigue (2-4%). The transdermal dosage form generally has fewer adverse effects than the oral form. Application site pruritus can occur with transdermal use (4%).

Patient Consultation:

Take capsules with food.

If therapy is interrupted for more than 3 days, restart treatment with the lowest dose. If interrupted for less than 3 days, continue the current treatment or decrease to the next lowest dose.

If a dose is missed, skip it and return to the normal dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

It is important to remove the old patch before applying the new patch. Serious adverse effects have occurred in patients who administered multiple patches.

Apply the patch to the upper back, chest, or upper arm.

Rivastigmine is a cholinesterase enzyme inhibitor, which acts on butylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase. It is a cholinergic agent that aids in the treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. The drug can be administered orally or in transdermal patches form, owing to its small molecular size.

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Rivastigmine Market – Dynamics

Increasing geriatric population is a major driver for growth of the rivastigmine market. According to The Alzheimer Association, in 2018, the risk of suffering from dementia can increase double fold above the age of 65 years in every 5 years. Moreover, increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases worldwide also accounts for the development of Alzheimer’s disease, thereby boosting demand for rivastigmine. As per the National Center for Biotechnology Information published in 2013, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases was around 22.5 per 1,000 person worldwide which in turn suggesting a risk of dementia.Diseases such as diabetes and blood pressure can also increase the risk of dementia, which further boosts demand for rivastigmine, thereby propelling the market growth.

Rivastigmine Market – Regional Insights

The rivastigmine market is segregated geographically into North America, Latin America, Asia Pacific, Europe, Middle East, and Africa. North America accounted for the largest share in the global rivastigmine market in 2017. This is owing to increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the region that may lead to dementia. According to The American Kidney Fund, around 31 million people suffered from chronic kidney disease in 2015. Europe accounted for the second largest share in terms of revenue in the global rivastigmine market, in 2017 owing to increasing geriatric population in the region. Geriatric population is more prone to dementia. According to World Population Prospects (WPP), in 2017, around 25% of the population in Europe was aged 60 years or above. According to the Alzheimer’s Association, in 2017, there was significant prevalence of vascular diseases in Latin America and Africa. Therefore, Latin America and Africa are expected to witness significant growth in the global rivastigmine market during the forecast period.

Rivastigmine Market – Competitive Landscape

Major players operating in the global rivastigmine market include, Novartis Europharm Limited, Actavis Pharma, Apotex Corporation, Aurobindo Pharm Ltd, Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, Macleods, and others. Key players in the market are focused on product development and approvals in order to enhance their market share. For instance, in 2007, U.S. FDA approved Exelon (Rivastigmine tartarate) — developed by Novartis Europharm Limited for the treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.

Global Rivastigmine Market Taxonomy:

On the basis of disease indication, the global rivastigmine market is segmented into:

Alzheimer’s disease

Parkinson’s disease

On the basis of formulation, the global rivastigmine market is segmented into:

Capsules

Transdermal Patches

On the basis of distribution channel, the global rivastigmine market is segmented into:

Hospital pharmacies

Retail pharmacies

Online pharmacies

Rivastigmine is a cholinesterase enzyme inhibitor, which acts on butylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase. It is a cholinergic agent that aids in the treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. The drug can be administered orally or in transdermal patches form, owing to its small molecular size.

Get Exclusive Sample Report at: https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-sample/2407

Rivastigmine Market – Dynamics

Increasing geriatric population is a major driver for growth of the rivastigmine market. According to The Alzheimer Association, in 2018, the risk of suffering from dementia can increase double fold above the age of 65 years in every 5 years. Moreover, increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases worldwide also accounts for the development of Alzheimer’s disease, thereby boosting demand for rivastigmine. As per the National Center for Biotechnology Information published in 2013, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases was around 22.5 per 1,000 person worldwide which in turn suggesting a risk of dementia.Diseases such as diabetes and blood pressure can also increase the risk of dementia, which further boosts demand for rivastigmine, thereby propelling the market growth.

Rivastigmine Market – Regional Insights

The rivastigmine market is segregated geographically into North America, Latin America, Asia Pacific, Europe, Middle East, and Africa. North America accounted for the largest share in the global rivastigmine market in 2017. This is owing to increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the region that may lead to dementia. According to The American Kidney Fund, around 31 million people suffered from chronic kidney disease in 2015. Europe accounted for the second largest share in terms of revenue in the global rivastigmine market, in 2017 owing to increasing geriatric population in the region. Geriatric population is more prone to dementia.

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Rivastigmine Market – Competitive Landscape