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A map of the cosmic microwave background made using the Planck satellite. The Cold Spot, the ellipse at the bottom right, area resides in the constellation Eridanus in the southern galactic hemisphere. The insets show the environment of this anomalous patch of the sky, as mapped by Szapudi’s team using PS1 and WISE data and as observed in the cosmic microwave background temperature data. The angular diameter of the vast supervoid aligned with the Cold Spot, which exceeds 30 degrees, is marked by the white circles.

Using the WISE-2MASS infrared galaxy catalog matched with Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) galaxies, astronomers reveal a supervoid aligned with the cold spot of the cosmic microwave background.

Astronomers may have found “the largest individua remote diagnostics  l structure ever identified by humanity”, according to Dr István Szapudi of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Dr Szapudi and his team report their findings in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

In 2004, astronomers examining a map of the radiation left over from the Big Bang (the cosmic microwave background, or CMB) discovered the Cold Spot, a larger-than-expected unusually cold area of the sky. The physics surrounding the Big Bang theory predicts warmer and cooler spots of various sizes in the infant universe, but a spot this large and this cold was unexpected. Now astronomers may have found an explanation for the existence of the Cold Spot.

If the Cold Spot originated from the Big Bang itself, it could be a rare sign of exotic physics that the standard cosmology (basically, the Big Bang theory and related physics) does not explain. If, however, it is caused by a foreground structure between us and the CMB, it would be a sign that there is an extremely rare large-scale structure in the mass distribution of the universe.

Using data from Hawaii’s Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) telescope located on Haleakala, Maui, and NASA’s Wide Field Survey Explorer (WISE) satellite, Szapudi’s team discovered a large supervoid, a vast region 1.8 billion light-years across, in which the density of galaxies is much lower than usual in the known universe. This void was found by combining observations taken by PS1 at optical wavelengths with observations taken by WISE at infrared wavelengths to estimate the distance to and position of each galaxy in that part of the sky.

Earlier studies, also done in Hawaii, observed a much smaller area in the direction of the Cold Spot, but they could establish only that no very distant structure is in that part of the sky. Paradoxically, identifying nearby large structures is harder than finding distant ones, since we must map larger portions of the sky to see the closer structures. The large three-dimensional sky maps created from PS1 and WISE by Dr András Kovács (Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary) were thus essential for this study. The supervoid is only about 3 billion light-years away from us, a relatively short distance in the cosmic scheme of things.

Imagine there is a huge void with very little matter between you (the observer) and the CMB. Now think of the void as a hill. As the light enters the void, it must climb this hill. If the universe were not undergoing accelerating expansion, then the void would not evolve significantly, and light would descend the hill and regain the energy it lost as it exits the void. But with the accelerating expansion, the hill is measurably stretched as the light is traveling over it. By the time the light descends the hill, the hill has gotten flatter than when the light entered, so the light cannot pick up all the speed it lost upon entering the void. The light exits the void with less energy, and therefore at a longer wavelength, which corresponds to a colder temperature.

Getting through a supervoid takes hundreds of millions of years, even at the speed of light, so this measurable effect IoT Connectivity (known as the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect) might provide an explanation for the Cold Spot. The spot is one of the most significant anomalies found to date in the CMB, first by a NASA satellite called the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), and more recently by Planck, a satellite launched by the European Space Agency.

While the existence of the supervoid and its expected effect on the CMB do not fully explain all the properties of the Cold Spot, it is very unlikely that the supervoid and the Cold Spot at the same location are a coincidence. The team will continue its work using improved data from PS1, and from the Dark Energy Survey being conducted with a telescope in Chile to study the Cold Spot and supervoid, as well as another large void located near the constellation Draco.

Publication: Istvan Szapudi, et al., “Detection of a supervoid aligned with the cold spot of the cosmic microwave background,” MNRAS (June 11, 2015)  2g migration450 (1): 288-294; doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv488

PDF Copy of the Study: Detection of a Supervoid Aligned with the Cold Spot of the Cosmic Microwave Background

Image: Graphics by Gergő Kránicz. Image credit: ESA Planck Collaboration.

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Animations of supercomputer data take you to the inner zone of the accretion disk of a black hole.

Astrophysicists re-create and explain nearly all the components wireless router  seen in the X-ray spectra of stellar-mass black holes.

Black holes may be dark, but the areas around them definitely are not. These dense, spinning behemoths twist up gas and matter just outside their event horizon, and generate heat and energy that gets radiated, in part, as light. And when black holes merge, they produce a bright intergalactic burst that may act as a beacon for their collision.

Astrophysicists became deeply interested in black holes in the 1960s, but the idea of their event horizon was first intimated in a paper by Karl Schwarzschild published after Einstein introduced general relativity in 1915.

Knowledge about black holes–these still-unseen objects–has grown tremendously in recent years. Part of this growth comes from researchers’ ability to use detailed numerical models and powerful supercomputers to simulate the complex dynamics near a black hole. This is no trivial matter. Warped spacetime, gas pressure, ionizing radiation, magnetized plasma–the list of phenomena that must be included in an accurate simulation goes on and on.

“It’s not something that you want to do with a paper and pencil,” said Scott Noble, an astrophysicist at the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT).

This animation of supercomputer data takes you to the inner zone of the accretion disk of a stellar-mass black hole. Gas heated to 20 million degrees F as it spirals toward the black hole glows in low-energy, or soft, X-rays. Just before the gas plunges to the center, its orbital motion is approaching the speed of light. X-rays up to hundreds of times more powerful (“harder”) than those in the disk arise from the corona, a region of tenuous and much hotter gas around the disk. Coronal temperatures reach billions of degrees. The event horizon is the boundary where all trajectories, including those of light, must go inward. Nothing, not even light, can pass outward across the event horizon and escape the black hole. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/J. Schnittman, J. Krolik (JHU) and S. Noble (RIT). Music: “Lost in Space” by Lars Leonhard, courtesy of artist.

Working with Jeremy Schnittman of Goddard Space Flight Center and Julian Krolik of Johns Hopkins University, Noble and his colleagues created a new tool that predicts the light that an accreting black hole would produce. They did so by modeling how photons hit gas particles in the disk around the black hole (also known as an accretion disk), generating light–specifically light in the X-ray spectrum–and producing signals detected with today’s most powerful telescopes.

In their June 2013 paper in the Astrophysical Journal, the researchers presented the results of a new global radiation transport code coupled to a relativistic simulation of an accreting, non-rotating black hole. For the first time, they were able to re-create and explain nearly all the components seen in the X-ray spectra of stellar-mass black holes.

The ability to generate realistic light signals from a black hole simulation is a first and brings with it the possibility of explaining a whole host of observations taken with multiple X-ray satellites during the past 40 years.

“We felt excited and also incredibly lucky, like we’d turned up ten heads in a row,” Noble said. “The simulations are very challenging and if you don’t get it just right, it won’t give you an accurate answer. This was the first time that people have put all of the pieces together from first principles in such a thorough way.”

The simulations are the combined results of two computational codes. One, Harm3d, re-creates the three-dimensional dynamics of a black hole accreting gas, including its  web SCADA  magnetohydrodynam cashless vending  ics (MHD), which charts the interplay of electrically conducting fluids like plasmas and a powerful magnetic field.

“The magnetic field is important in the area outside the black hole because it whips the gas around and can dictate its dynamics,” Noble said. “Also, the movement of the field can lead to it kinking and trigger a reconnection event that produces an explosive burst of energy, turning magnetic field energy into heat.”

Though the MHD forces are critical near the black hole, it is the X-rays these forces generate that can be observed. The second component, a radiative transport code called Pandurata, simulates what real photons do.

“They bounce around inside the gas, they reflect off the disk’s surface, and their wavelengths change along the way,” he explained. “Eventually, they reach some distant light collector–a numerically approximated observer–which provides the predicted light output of our simulation.”

The researchers’ simulations were run on the Ranger supercomputer at the Texas Advanced Computing Center, built with support from the National Science Foundation, which also funded the group’s research.

The simulations were the highest resolution thin disk simulations ever performed, with the most points and the smallest length-scales for numerical cells, allowing the researchers to resolve very small features. Varying only the rate at which the black holes accrete gas, they were able to reproduce the wide range of X-ray states seen in observations of most galactic black hole sources.

This illustration shows the approximate relationships between the black hole, its accretion disk and the corona region (blue). The arrows show a soft X-ray (red) traveling into the corona and striking a particle moving near the speed of light. The collision scatters the light and boosts it to much higher energy, making it a hard X-ray. This process is known as inverse Compton scattering.

With each passing year, the significance of black holes–and their role in shaping the cosmos–grows.

Nearly every good-sized galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center, said Julian Krolik, a professor of physics and astronomy at Johns Hopkins University. For periods of a few to tens of million years at a time, black holes accrete incredible amounts of gas ultimately released as huge amounts of energy–as much as a hundred times the power output of all the stars in a black hole host galaxy put together.

“Some of that energy can travel out into their surrounding galaxies as ionizing light or fast-moving jets of ionized gas,” Krolik continued. “As a result, so much heat can be deposited in the gas orbiting around in those galaxies that it dramatically alters the way they make new stars. It’s widely thought that processes like this are largely responsible for regulating how many stars big galaxies hold.”

In this way black holes may act as cosmic regulators–all the more reason to use numerical simulations to uncover further clues about how black holes interact with gas, stars and other supermassive black holes.

Said Noble: “To see that it works and reproduces the observational data when the observational data is so complicated…it’s really remarkable.”

Publication: Jeremy D. Schnittman, et al., “X-Ray Spectra from Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Accreting Black Holes,” 2013, ApJ, 769, 156; doi:10.1088/0004-637X/769/2/156

PDF Copy of the Study: X-ray Spectra from MHD Simulations of Accreting Black Holes

Images: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/J. Schnittman, J. Krolik (JHU) and S. Noble (RIT)

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In a new study, theoretical physicists from Case Western Reserve University suggest that dark matter may be massive and that the Standard Model may account for it.

The physics community has spent three decades searching for and finding no evidence that dark matter is made of tiny exotic particles. Case Western Reserve University theoretical physicists suggest researchers consider looking for candidates more in the ordinary realm and, well, more massive.

Dark matter is unseen matter, that, combined with normal matter, could create the gravity that, among other things, prevents spinning galaxies from flying apart. Physicists calculate that dark matter comprises 27 percent of the universe; normal matter 5 percent.

Instead of WIMPS, weakly interacting massive particles, or axions, which are weakly interacting low-mass particles, dark matter may be made of macroscopic objects, anywhere from a few ounces to the size of a good asteroid, and probably as dense as a neutron star, or the nucleus of an atom, the researchers suggest.

Physics professor Glenn Starkman and David Jacobs, who received his PhD in Physics from CWRU in May and is now a fellow at the University of Cape Town, say published observations provide guidance, limiting where to look. They lay out the possibilities in a paper listed below.

The Macros, as Starkman and Jacobs call them, would not only dwarf WIMPS and axions, but differ in an important way. They could potentially be assembled out of particles in the Standard Model of particle physics instead of requiring new physics to explain their exist M2M gateway  ence.

“We’ve been looking for WIMPs for a long time and haven’t seen them,” Starkman said. “We expected to make WIMPS in the Large Hadron Collider, and we haven’t.”

WIMPS and axions remain possible candidates for dark matter, but there’s reason to search elsewhere, the theorists argue.

“The community had kind of turned away from the idea that dark matter could be made of normal-ish stuff in the late ’80s,” Starkman said. “We ask, was that completely correct and how do we know dark matter isn’t more ordinary stuff— stuff that could be made from quarks and electrons?”

After eliminating most ordinary matter, including failed Jupiters, white dwarfs, neutron stars, stellar black holes, the black holes in centers of galaxies and neutrinos with a lot of mass, as possible candidates, physicists turned their focus on the exotics.

Matter that was somewhere in between ordinary and exotic—relatives of neutron stars or large nuclei—was left on the table, Starkman said. “We say relatives because they probably have a considerable admixture of strange quarks, which are made in accelerators and ordinarily have extremely short lives,” he said.

Although strange quarks are highly unstable, Starkman points out that neutrons are also highly unstable. But in helium, bound with stable prot m2m vpn  ons, neutrons remain stable.

“That opens the possibility that stable strange nuclear matiot vending machineter was made in the early universe and dark matter is nothing more than chunks of strange nuclear matter or other bound states of quarks, or of baryons, which are themselves made of quarks,” he said. Such dark matter would fit the Standard Model.

The Macros would have to be assembled from ordinary and strange quarks or baryons before the strange quarks or baryons decay, and at a temperature above 3.5 trillion degrees Celsius, comparable to the temperature in the center of a massive supernova, Starkman and Jacobs calculated. The quarks would have to be assembled with 90 percent efficiency, leaving just 10 percent to form the protons and neutrons found in the universe today.

The limits of the possible dark matter are as follows:

A minimum of 55 grams. If dark matter were smaller, it would have been seen in detectors in Skylab or in tracks found in sheets of mica. A maximum of 1024 (a million billion billion) grams. Above this, the Macros would be so massive they would bend starlight, which has not been seen. The range of 1017 to 1020 grams per centimeter squared should also be eliminated from the search, the theorists say. Dark matter in that range would be massive for gravitational lensing to affect individual photons from gamma ray bursts in ways that have not been seen.

If dark matter is within this allowed range, there are reasons it hasn’t been seen.

At the mass of 1018 grams, dark matter Macros would hit the Earth about once every billion years. At lower masses, they would strike the Earth more frequently but might not leave a recognizable record or observable mark. In the range of 109 to 1018, dark matter would collide with the Earth once annually, providing nothing to the underground dark matter detectors in place.

Publication: Submitted to MNRAS

PDF Copy of the Study: Macro Dark Matter

Image: Chandra/NASA/ESA

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The stuff that quantum memories are made of: an international team of physicists has succeeded, for the first time, in storing a quantum bit in a diamond for longer than one second at room temperature. The researchers did not use a natural diamond like the one shown here, however, neither was it cut. They produced their diamond artificially by depositing carbon containing one hundredth of a percent of the heavy carbon isotope C-13 and a small quantity of nitrogen from the gas phase onto a substrate. The diamond they obtained in this way had an edge length of a few millimeters. iStockphoto

A team of scientists successfully stored a quantum bit in a diamond crystal for more than a second at room temperature, an improvement of almost thousand-fold, and believe that the lifetime of the qubit can be increased to a maximum of 36 hours.

Credit cards which are completely fraud-proof and passports which cannot be forged: quantum physics could make both of these possible. This is explained by the fact that the quantum mechanical state of a particle, an atomic nucleus, for example, can be neither copied nor read out correctly without additional information which only authorized users of possible cards have. Accordingly, if a credit card were to contain a quantum memory, it would be protected against misuse. Although physicists have already developed methods to write quantum states into different types of memory and read them out again, the problem is either that these methods work only just above absolute zero temperature which excludes routine use – or that the quantum information stored is lost after only a few milliseconds. Researchers at Harvard University in Cambridge near Boston, the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics in Garching, and Caltech in Pasadena have now successfully stored a quantum state in a diamond crystal for more than a second at room temperature. The researchers even believe that a storage time of one-and-a-half days is possible if they improve their method.

A quantum memory uses a more complex version of the smallest unit of information in a conventional computer memory, the bit, namely the so-called quantum bit, qubit for short. Whereas the bit can take only one of two possible states at any point in time (where one is designated with “0” and the other with “1”), the qubit can literally take both states simultaneously. Its information content consists in the respective weight of “0” and “1”: the qubit can consist of 20 percent “0” and 80 percent “1”, for example. Any ratio which sums up to yield 100 percent is possible. This means that many values can be stored in a single qubit.

Physicists use various physical systems to store qubits, for example atoms, which are located in a lattice of crossed laser beams similar to eggs in an egg carton, or atomic nuclei in a solid body. In future, a quantum memory of several qubits could be used for forgery-proof data storage, as the so-called no-cloning theorem of quantum physics forbids the copying of quantum states. In addition, it is only possible to read out the contents if one knows the parameters with which the memory has been written, such as the polarization direction of light signals.

A quantum memory must be isolated from the environment, but not completely

An almost insurmountable obstacle prevents its practical implementation. A quantum memory must fulfil two conflicting criteria: on the one hand, it must be isolated from the environment as much as possible so that the stored qubits are not destroyed by external magnetic fields, light particles or similar environmental influences. On the other hand, it must be able to exchange information with this very same environment; otherwise it would not possible to write information into the memory and read it out again. Thus the complete isolation of the qubits does not achieve the objective.

The international group of researchers from Harvard Unive Smart Vending  rsity, the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics and Caltech has now successfully reconciled the conflicting factors to such a degree that a qubit in an artificial diamond crystal can remain stable for more than a second, even at room temperature. Previously, this type of qubit was preserved for only a few thousandths of a second. “We’ve achieved this almost thousand-fold improvement with relatively little experimental effort,” says David Hunger from the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics in Garching. The scientists essentially needed a green laser, fast-switching sources for microwaves and radio frequencies, and a highly sensitive detector that is capable of detecting individual light particles.

For the qubit, the researchers used the nucleus of a carbon atom, or to be more precise, the C-13 carbon isotope; its nucleus has a so-called nuclear spin, which generates a magnetic moment. The C-13 nucleus thus behaves like a tiny bar magnet that can align itself parallel or anti-parallel to an externally applied magnetic field. These two states form the “0” and “1” of the qubit.

The C-13 qubit is written and read out via a nitrogen vacancy center

The information exchange between this qubit and the surroundings is done indirectly: the researchers grew the diamond in such a way that it contains a bit of nitrogen in addition to tiny traces of the C-13 isotope so that so industrial wireless  me nitro gen atoms are located near a C-13 atom. Moreover, one carbon atom is missing in the nitrogen atom’s direct vicinity. Physicists therefore call this a nitrogen-vacancy center, or N-V center for short. The N-V center also has a spin and thus forms a qubit. The latter can easily be put into a defined quantum mechanical state with the aid of microwave and laser pulses. Furthermore, the information that it carries can be easily read out with a laser beam.

“It is easy to talk to the N-V center, so to speak, and it therefore serves as an auxiliary qubit,” says Hunger. The N-V center in turn talks to the nuclear spin of the carbon atom, as the two tiny bar magnets exert an influence on each other. “The quantum state of the carbon nucleus can be indirectly controlled by laser and microwave pulses addressing the N-V center, and additional direct manipulation of the nuclear spin is possible via strong radio frequency pulses; the qubit can thereby be read in. Similarly, it can also be read out via the N-V center.

The researchers selected the carbon atom rather than the N-V center as the actual memory location because its atomic nucleus has a comparatively small magnetic moment and thus reacts less sensitively than the N-V center to environmental influences. C-13 nuclei can therefore potentially store quantum information for a longer time, and are considered to be ideal systems for the storage of quantum information.

Two perturbing influences on the quantum memory must be suppressed

However, one problem is that the coupling to the N-V center, which is useful for writing and reading out, simultaneously causes the qubit in the C-13 atomic nucleus to lose its inf DIN-Rail router  ormation within only a few thousandths of a second. This is because, after the information is read in, the magnetic moment of the N-V center, which is left to its own devices, jumps to and fro uncontrollably and thereby perturbs the adjacent C-13 qubit, just as a bar magnet constantly turning to and fro induces a similar rocking motion in a neighboring, much weaker magnet. The magnetic moments of further C-13 nuclei in the diamond crystal influence the magnetic moment of the C-13 qubit in a similar way.

The effects of these two perturbations can be significantly reduced, however, as the researchers have proved. They suppressed the effect of the N-V center with a green laser beam. This forces the N-V center into one of the two magnetic states and prevents the natural fluctuation of the magnetic moment. In the process, the laser temporarily knocks an electron out of the N-V center, which captures it again shortly afterwards. The center is therefore being constantly ionized and immediately deionized again. This is again associated with the magnetic moment jumping to and fro.

By increasing the laser power to ten milliwatts, the physicists ensured that the magnetic moment changes its orientation much faster than in the original fluctuation. The qubit in the C-13 atomic nucleus therefore no longer experiences different magnetic fields, but rather an average value that is constant in time. This means the fluctuation is switched off. Staying with the bar magnet image: if one bar magnet is turned to and fro much faster than the other one can flip over, it simply remains in its orientation. This method increased the qubit’s lifetime to around half a second.

The lifetime of the qubit can theoretically be increased to 36 hours

The scientists used two tricks to minimize the interfering effect of the other C-13 atoms. First, they limited the percentage of the C-13 carbon isotope in their artificial diamond to one hundredth of a percent, whereas natural diamonds contain around one percent of the heavier carbon version. The next magnetic C-13 nuclei in the artificial diamond are therefore farther away from each other than in a natural diamond and correspondingly interfere less with each other. The second trick consisted in neutralizing the effects of the remaining C-13 nuclei on the qubit with the aid of cleverly chosen radio frequency pulses. Both methods increased the lifetime of the qubit to around 1.4 seconds.

“The theory says that the lifetime of the qubit can be increased to a maximum of 36 hours,” says David Hunger. “In principle, the current limitations can be pushed back further by improving the technology.” For example, by increasing the power of the green laser, although this would make it necessary to cool the diamond. Moreover, better optimized sequences of the control pulses and a further reduction in the C-13 concentration could increase the lifetime. Challenges that the research team will take on these, according to the physicist.

In addition to quantum memories for credit cards or passports, the researchers envisage that quantum memories could be important in future communication networks based on quantum information. Such a network would be needed for the exchange of information between quantum computers, for example. “The quantum information needs to be stored temporarily on longer paths through such networks,” says Hunger. Diamond crystals, such as the one used in this investigation, could be used for these so-called repeaters. Hunger acknowledges, however, that the miniaturization of the laser, microwave and radio frequency sources would have to progress significantly to enable applications such as the secure credit card. The read-out technology would also have to become more efficient. But this is only a question of time.

Image: iStockphoto; Max Planck Institute

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SHIFTY PHOTONS: New experiments explore the continuous transition from photons acting like particles to behaving as waves. Image: Image courtesy of S. Tanzilli, CNRS

A photon can act as a particle one moment, following a well-defined path like a tiny projectile, and a wave the next, overlapping with its ilk to produce interference patterns, much like a ripple on the water. Wave-particle duality is one of the key features of quantum mechanics, and it’s not easil Remote Automation  y un smart vending  derstood in layman’s terms. New experiments show that photons not only switch from wave to particle and back again, but they can actually hold both wave and particle tendencies at the same time.

A photon can run through a complex optical apparatus and disappear for good into a detector without being specifically a wave or a particle, assuming its nature only after it has been destroyed.

Scientists published their findings in the journal Science (1, 2). Photons act as a wave or a particle only when they are forced to. As an example, if a photon is steered by a beam splitter onto one of two paths, each leading to a photon detector, the photon will appear at one or the other detector with equal probability. However, if the paths reconnect before going into the detectors, allowing the contents of the two channels to interfere like waves, the photon can demonstrate wavelike interference effects.

The two new studies implemented a stranger version of the delayed choice experiment. Each team used a quantum switch to toggle the experimental device. But in this experiment, the switch was not switched until the physicists had identified the photon in one of the detectors.

This forced the photon to behave as a particle or as a wave. The quantum switch allows the interferometer to hover in a superposition state. The switch determines the nature of the apparatus, whether the optical paths are recombined to form a closed interferometer, which measures wavelike properties, or remained separate to form an open interferometer, which detects discrete particles.

In both cases, the exact nature of the photon was only determin router industrial  ed after the physicists measured a second photon. The fate of the first photon was linked to the state of the second photon, thanks to quantum entanglement.

In the presence of quantum entanglement, in which outcomes of measurements are tied together, it is possible to hold off making a decision, even if events seem to have already made one, states Seth Lloyd of MIT.

[via Scientific American]

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Earlier this year, Instagram started testing a feature that alerts people when someone takes a screenshot or screen recording of their Story posts. Now, the Facebook-owned company has confirmed to BuzzFeed that it has officially ended the test and users will not get notified of screenshot. The security feature was rolled out for a small group of users that warns people when th distribution automation  ey t vending telemetry  ry to take screenshot of someone else’s for the first time. The second time, it notifies the user.

In January, TheNextWeb reported that Instagram could make the feature available for public soon. However, it looks like the company has dropped i industrial IoT Gateway  ts plan of a wider roll out. Notably, Instagram already has a feature, which alerts the user when someone takes a screenshot of their Direct Messages (DM). Rival Snapchat has a similar feature that alerts users when someone tries to take screenshot of their Story post.

Also Read: Instagram users can now reshare Stories in which they are mentioned

Instagram Stories is one of the most popular features on the platform with close to 187 million daily active users. Story posts disappear in 24 hours and can not be saved on device by other users, which is why people often take screenshots of posts they like. Instagram has over 800 million active users, making it one of the largest social media platforms globally.

Instagram recently added an option that lets users share video/photo Story to their Stories as well when they are mentioned by someone else. People will get an option to edit media before uploading to their Story and the name of the person who originally shared photo or video will also appear and will be tappable. The feature is only available for people with public Instagram accounts.

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The global market for premium televisions sized 75-inches and above is set to rise sharply in 2018, led by South Korean tech major Samsung Electronics Co, industry data showed on Tuesday.

According to the data compiled by  Android Industrial Computer  industry tracker IHS Markit, the global sales of such televisions Line Monitoringwas anticipated to reach 1.69 million units in 2018, rising sharply from 1.15 million units estimated for 2017, Yonhap New Agency reported.

“While the global TV market’s growth remains sluggish due to the expanding penetration of smartphones, the sales of premium TVs are still gradually increasing,” an industry insider said.

“Samsung Electronics’ strategy to focus on products 75-inches and larger seems to be effective,” the industry insider added.

Samsung is estimated to have sold 151,800 units of TVs (75-inches and larger) in the third quarter, followed by Japan-based Sony Corp with 79,700 units and Samsung’s smaller South Korean rival LG Electronics Inc. with 34,900 units, IHS Markit data showed.

Industry data showed products sized 75 inches and over accounted for 8.1 per cent of Samsung̵ LTE Cat 1 router 7;s combined TV sales in the third quarter of 2017, up from 3.2 per cent posted in the first quarter.

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Amateur astronomers who do not have a telescope capable of peering deep into space can now use NASA telescop 3g modem  es remotely via its MicroObservatory network.

Using the space agency's Observing with NASA site, users can choose from a list of targets and receive a photograph of it almost immediately via email.

According to NASA, The Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Harvard College Observatory and the Whipple Observatory all work to maintain the network, which consist manufacturer  s of telescopes measuring three feet tall and equipped with 6-inch mirrors to catch the light reflecting from space.

When they capture the light, it is recorded by an electronic chip that converts it to a photograph that can be sent online.