Two-photon State Reconstruction in Bell-state Quantum Holography with Metasurfaces Produces Polarization-multiplexed Holographic Symbols

News on Holography

A new method for encoding images in light's quantum properties has been developed with Bell-state quantum holography's experimental manifestation. Quantum imaging and metasurface technologies revolutionize holography in this seminal work. Qinmiao Chen, Guangzhou Geng, and Hong Liang showed how nanoscale metasurface materials may create complex holographic patterns.

The combination of quantum states reconstruction and metasurface photonics enables encryption, advanced light-based information processing, and secure, high-capacity transmission. This study uses quantum entanglement for imaging, quantum communication, and information processing to bridge quantum computers and metamaterials.

Entanglement Encoding and Dielectric Metasurface Design

Entangled photons and metasurfaces underpin this innovative quantum holography technology. Researchers purposefully built a dielectric metasurface for Bell-state quantum holography. This setup encodes holographic images directly in photon pair polarization.

The metasurface controls photon polarization by correlating polarization states with spatial wavefronts. Importantly, the developed dielectric metasurface controls both polarization and wavefront, resulting in spatial modes that depend on input and output polarization. This advanced control creates a two-photon holographic pattern.

Bell-state Quantum Holography encodes discrete holographic images onto entangled light states, notably Bell states. Researchers advanced holographic information storage by experimentally realizing Bell-state holograms, which store unique holographic images inside photon pairs' polarization states. Unlike optical approaches, this technology uses holograms as information carriers, enabling high-dimensional photonic encoding. The metasurface directly encodes unique holographic symbols into two-photon state Bell components, according to further research.

QHTM: Density Matrix Reconstruction

The researchers invented quantum holographic tomography to characterize these complex quantum holograms. This method is needed to reconstruct the quantum hologram at the density matrix level, which depicts the two-photon state's holographic symbol distribution.

Hologram tomography allows pixel-by-pixel reconstruction of the holographic density matrix. This pixel-by-pixel density matrix reconstruction was done using a camera in a quantum holographic tomography protocol with a spatially resolved detection system.

A density-matrix hologram with custom holographic symbols attached to Bell states is the outcome. Creating contrast between polarization components is required. The scientists recreated the pixel-resolved two-photon density matrix using sixteen polarization-projected holographic pictures.

Quantum Contrast and High Fidelity

The study invented the reconstruction procedure and a way to evaluate quantum hologram contrast. This method rescales probability using a mathematical function called a “quantum contrast”.

The scientists used this precise characterization method to show the hologram's contrast levels. A detailed inspection of the encoded data was feasible with sixteen holographic pictures. Entangled photons' combined polarization projections caused holographic sub-patterns to emerge and fade, as seen by the observations.

Strong non-classical correlations that exceeded the classical limit were proven by experiments. The group also demonstrated over 90% visibility of the rebuilt holograms. Quantitative analysis of holographic quantum states showed high fidelities, proving the encoded information's quality. Simulations confirmed the design and functionality of the metasurface structure's silicon nanopillars, confirming density-matrix quantum holography as a powerful characterisation approach.

Making High-Dimensional Quantum Technology Possible

Bell-state holograms may be generated and correctly defined, providing a new resource for high-dimensional quantum technologies. We encode different visuals in entangled Bell states by manipulating photon polarization.