#qarluqs

"...[T]he Kirghiz moved in to an area from which they could not be seriously threatened by their Uyghur enemies. They also cemented friendship with neighboring peoples by, not long afterward, coming to an agreement with the Qarluqs, Tibetans, and Arabs regarding international trade and communications. This agreement provided for the safety of those traveling between the and the Arab [Abbasid] caliphate who had to journey through the lands of the Qarluqs, the new rulers of the Western Turks in Jungaria and west of Issyk Kul[lake in the Tian Shan/Modern Eastern Kyrgyzstan ]. In Qarluq territory, travelers were joined by Kirghiz escorts, who protected them from Uyghur banditry on their journey. The Arabs compensated the the Kirghiz with heavy silk brocades of Arab manufacture. The Kirghiz, in turn, purchased fancy clothing for their women from Arabs and other the countries of the Tarim Basin and Jungaria. In other words, at the time to which the Chinese report refers, the Uyghurs were raiding the route that was taken by merchants travailing between Tibetan territory and Arab territory. It is also obvious from the same account that the Tibetan were not in control of the Jungarian Basin either; the Qarluqs were despite Uyghur depredations. There is, however, no mention in the Chinese source of any Tibetan military activity in the Tarim Basin or Jungaria at this time."