#pseudopsychology

Are people aware that the concept originated in Freudian psychoanalytic theory?

Freud theorized that there existed an "anal stage" of psychosexual development in which a person derived pleasure from either the retention or expulsion of feces.

Sure! It's kind of a long story, but I'll try and summarize things as best as I can.

So, back in the early 20th century, mystical types were looking at hypnosis, trancework, and even drugs as a way to retrieve memories of past lives. The idea that you could retrieve lost memories made it way into ufology communities, where people tried to remember alien abductions. It also got into actual psychology, with therapists attempting to help patients retrieve lost early life memories. There was never any real evidence that these practices actually worked the way these people thought they did, and today we know that you can get people to confabulate memories of just about anything under the right circumstances. (If you need evidence, I can show you some very obvious examples here and here.)

Edit to add: In 1952, the book The Manchurian Candidate came out. It was basically a political thriller about a guy who'd been captured by Russians and brainwashed into being their secret assassin, complete with special triggers to activate his programming and everything. This had everything to do with the US painting communism as something subversive that people were sinisterly brainwashed into. In 1962, a film adaptation was released to theaters.

In the 1950s, Dr. Cornelia Wilbur started treating her patient Shirley Mason for seeming DID. (Which, Mason did not actually have.) Dr. Wilbur was extremely irresponsible and unprofessional in general, and very notably gave Mason sodium pentothal to help her remember. (Yikes!) Dr. Wilbur would push the baseless myth that DID could only be caused by severe childhood abuse (such as SA), and push drugs and hypnosis as methods for finding said abuse if the patients didn't seem to remember it. The 1973 book Sybil was based on Wilbur and Mason.

In the 1970s, radio host, notorious prankster, and platformer of weird fringe content Long John Nebel apparently started using hypnosis on his wife, Candy Jones to try and figure out the reason for her mental health issues. Supposedly, he helped her "remember" being a CIA agent, whose alter Arlene had been trained as a spy. The 1976 book The Control of Candy Jones describes what they supposedly uncovered. Also, here's an article that talks about some of their claims, and the context around what happened.

Also in the 1970s, Dr. Lawrence Pazder (who was inspired by Sybil) attempted to find the source of his patient Michelle Smith's issues by helping her remember supposedly lost memories. Under his coaching, Smith "remembered" being abused by a Satanic cult. They didn't use hypnosis as most of us know it, but Smith was putting herself into a kind of trance. Now like, this whole book is extremely discredited. They made a lot of claims that were very easy to check, and each time somebody checked said claims, it turned out they were full of shit. Like just for one example, her school yearbook picture from the year she was supposedly being tortured by the cult doesn't show any sign of the abuses she claims she was suffering, which would have been very, very obvious.

Then in 1988, Mark Philips used hypnosis on Cathy O'Brien to help her "remember" being a mind-controlled slave for the New World Order under the CIA program Project Monarch. They published what O'Brien supposedly remembered in the 1995 book Trance-Formation of America. O'Brien claimed that she and her daughter were tortured to induce DID, with the alters being programmed to carry out specific tasks for the CIA/NWO. The whole thing was an extremely racist crock of pure conspiracy theory bullshit; it claimed, for example, that the NWO was letting Mexicans ruin America and shipping white women off to Saudi Arabia as sex slaves.

In 1994, Fritz Springmeier used hypnosis on Cisco Wheeler to supposedly uncover her memories as a member of the NWO/Illuminati. In their three books published across the mid to late 90's, Springmeier and Wheeler gave an incredibly elaborate narrative around alter programming, incorporating elements from just about every other conspiracy theory you can name. They claimed alter programming was an ancient practice developed by pagan priests, and used in modern times by a global cult that intended to enthrone the Antichrist in the year 2000. The pair of them made so many claims that are absolutely beyond ludicrous, and I posted a sample of them over here.

Basically everyone who claims that alter programming is a real thing these days is downstream of Springmeier and Wheeler, whether they realize it or not. One reason we know this is that a lot of them cite a blogger who calls herself Svali, or cite people who cite Svali (such as Dr. Alison Miller and Dr. Ellen Lacter). Svali first popped up in the early 2000s claiming to be a former Illuminati/NWO programmer. She described the same kind of Illuminati and the same kind of practices as Springmeier and Wheeler. If you need examples, here she is claiming that color, metal, and jewel programming are things. And here she is claiming Disney moves are made for Illuminati programming.

Unwelcome Ozian is another clear case of someone who's getting their material from Springmeier and Wheeler; for example, their book Chainless Slaves not only describes the same methods and styles of alter programming; it even reproduces complete paragraphs from Springmeier and Wheeler's work. Edit to add: Unwelcome Ozian's other book, Rules of Programming, reproduces material not only from Springmeier and Wheeler's work, but also from a lot of literature on topics such as abuse, cults, and self-help in general. I have a post exposing this over here.

Basically, the whole idea of alter programming/trauma-based mind control has a long, long history of medical malpractice, pseudoscience, fraud, and conspiracy theory behind it. It just doesn't take very long to start finding it once you actually start digging. Meanwhile, real evidence just never turns up, and what we do find often just flat-out contradicts these claims. Like, many people who claim to have undergone brutal tortures or major surgeries at the hands of programmers don't have the scars to show for it. The sites, tools, and costumes for the elaborate rituals described by a lot of these people are just never found.

What's very notably missing are technical manuals for the actual programming process. I'm talking about literature that fully describes the actual procedures in full, step-by-step detail, rather than the vague, suggestive descriptions you find in conspiracist literature. The fact that nothing of the sort has ever turned up anywhere you might expect it to in over seventy years is pretty damning, because this isn't the kind of thing that a bunch of random, unconnected people would just independently invent on their own.

Meanwhile, what very demonstrably does exist are therapists who still believe the in the pseudoscience and misinformation pushed by Dr. Wilbur, Dr. Pazder, etc, who will push people both with and without actual DID to try and uncover repressed memories. There are websites and articles that suggest guided imagery and hypnosis for retrieving memories you think you might have suppressed. There are hypnosis videos on YouTube that will supposedly help you recover repressed memories. We have clear cases of memory confabulation within the New Age movement, where people vividly "remember" traumatic events that very obviously never happened because they take place in non-existent places such as Lemuria and incorporate narratives from the pseudoscientific and racist ancient astronaut hypothesis.

The Szondi test and fate psychology

The Szondi test uses photography as a diagnostic method. Test takers must choose a face based on a question. The test uses 48 cards organized into six series of eight people. It’s important to mention that all of the photographs are portraits of people who suffer from mental disorders.

Szondi believed that each patient would choose a face with an expression or facial characteristics that suggested a disorder or problem similar to their own. In other words, repressed impulses would come out when the patient made certain choices based on the therapist’s questions.

Szondi’s theory argued that patients would react to the physical (genetic) traits that they shared with the image. This phenomenon is called genotropism, which stems from Szondi’s theories of fate psychology.

I mentioned here that I wrote the following entry because I’m a huge nerd, so here it is.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, Appendix B: Criteria Sets and Axes Provided for Further Study

Post-Infestation Affective Blunting Syndrome

Features The essential feature of this syndrome is a marked state of lessened facial and postural expressiveness following infestation and hostile control by an extraterrestrial known as a yeerk.  Individuals suffering from this syndrome will frequently report a normal range of emotional experiences while also exhibiting blunted or flattened affect.  It is associated with a varied degree of distress, ranging from mild to severe.  Note that distress and functioning should always be assessed through the form of clinical interviews or self-reports; clinicians’ assessments of emotional stability may not be reliable when examining these individuals.  It is also important to note that this syndrome appears to have a high rate of suicidal ideation and a concurrent low rate of suicidal intentions, an area of this syndrome that requires further study.

Associated Features Individuals who exhibit this disorder do not develop it in the absence of yeerk infestation.  Yeerk infestation is here defined as the process of hostile control of the individual’s conscious bodily functions by an extraterrestrial entity.  This syndrome appears to have similar prevalence rates across ages and genders, although more evidence is needed to determine possible demographic moderating factors.  The prognosis for this syndrome is not yet known, although all individuals studied have exhibited consistent patterns of behavior over periods lasting up to three months.  Although individuals who present with this condition may not report distress, they may experience threats to normal functioning as a result of their unusual patterns of expression.  No information currently exists as to whether it is safe for these individuals to engage in reflex-heavy activities such as driving or operating heavy machinery, and each patient should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

Differential Diagnosis In DSM-IV, individuals whose presentation meets these research criteria would be diagnosed as having Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder or Adjustment Disorder, conditional upon the degree of anxiety and intrusive cognition experienced by the individual.

This condition exhibits similar symptoms to Depersonalization Disorder but appears to be more acute in onset and to involve briefer intervals of dissociation.  Although certain symptoms mimic the negative symptomatology of Schizophrenia, individuals with this syndrome will typically not demonstrate the marked degree of disorganized behavior that Schizophrenia produces, and do not report experiencing psychosis.

This diagnosis should not be made in the absence of a (self-reported) experience of yeerk infestation and the individual’s belief that the source of the dysfunction arises from the experience of hostile control.  It is not clear at this time whether or not voluntary human-controllers experience these symptoms under certain circumstances.  More research is also needed to clarify the need for a minimum age of diagnosis.

Prevalence The prevalence of this disorder is not yet known.  However, there were approximately 200,000 human-controllers under control of the Yeerk Empire as of March of 2000, and between 40% and 50% of humans surveyed after deinfestation have demonstrated some of the criteria.

Research Criteria

Infestation by one or more yeerks which lasted for a period longer than 12 hours.

Three or more of the following symptoms:

Periods of dissociation, including depersonalization and derealization episodes

Blunted affect or unusual emotional expression which does not match self-reported emotionality

Selective periods of waxy catatonia or other selective lack of movement

Repeated motions of self-stimulation, including at times when socially unacceptable or not entirely within the individual’s conscious control

Intrusive cognitions which specifically relate to themes of loss of personal control and disconnection from one’s body

Delayed or minimal speech production

Blurred or difficult speech production in the absence of aphasia or other speech impairment

Marked impairment to bodily reflexes (flinching, blinking, stimulus orienting, etc.)

All symptoms occurred after such time as the yeerk exited the individual but were absent before the time of infestation according to retroactive self-report.

The symptoms are not directly attributable to brain damage which occurred as a result of forceful ejection of the yeerk or consumption of artificial maple-ginger flavor in the form of oatmeal while infested.

Yes, you should absolutely be concerned. There are people out there on the Internet pushing the kind of conspiracy theories and pseudoscience that were originally put out there by far right conspiracy theorists such as Cathy O'Brien and Fritz Springmeier in abuse recovery spaces, DID spaces, and even some spirituality spaces, and some therapists still believe in this stuff and try to push it on their patients.

I also agree it's unlikely your friend is lying; it's far more likely that they're simply misled. This whole thing is essentially designed to prime people (who may or may not actually have DID) into confabulating memories of events that never actually took place.

(For anyone who isn't already aware - confabulated memories are very real; we can observe them among people who "remember" past lives in places that never existed. This isn't to say that these people were never abused in some way; just that stuff like giving people DID on purpose, using movies to program the alters, and stuff like color programming, metal programming, etc. aren't real things.)

As to what you might do, it depends heavily on what kind of headspace your friend is in. You could try reading through the #deradicalization tag and see if anything looks helpful, and you might check out The Debunking Handbook 2020.

I say this as a system who has skirted the edge of ROMCOA stuff for reasons like those stated above, but I wondered if you'd have any thoughts on it. (If it's of any interest, I'll send a separate ask with thoughts on the why/how we've dodged the ROMCOA bullet despite being drawn to it, but that's a significant tangent. Also sorry to be anon, I'm shy.)

(To anyone reading this: If you've heard the term "RAMCOA" but haven't heard how it originated among conspiracy theorists and was always meant to push conspiracy theories within legitimate psychiatry, further information is provided at the end.)

Oh yeah, you are absolutely right. I've been comparing these two things for awhile now, and it's basically two presentations of the same exact social phenomena.

You usually have somebody with psychological or physical problems that seem to defy explanation, but are very likely related to something like anxiety, depression, chronic stress, PTSD, C-PTSD, BPD, schizophrenia, bipolar, autism, ADHD, allergies, mast cell activation syndrome, or fibromyalgia. Y'know, a lot of the kinds of things that doctors will dismiss as "all in your head," or that just aren't that well-understood by the public, or might not seem possible because they underestimate just how traumatizing their life actually was.

The way they fall into it is nearly always the same; they never really "remember" any of it until they start coming across literature and people who introduce them to the idea of RAMCOA or alien abduction. And of course by this point a lot of them are absolutely desperate for some kind of explanation or validation, so they look deeper into it. They start learning and absorbing the tropes and narratives that go along with whatever mythology, so to speak, that they've fallen into. Then when they undergo hypnosis, they start "remembering" events that just so happen to line up with whichever narrative they've been exposing themselves to.

There are other groups doing this same thing with their own narratives, of course. In New Age and neopagan contexts, people often seek explanation and validation by trying to uncover past lives. In fact, the whole entire practice of undergoing hypnosis to recover lost memories actually began with people trying to find their past lives.

A common thread is that people remember something that pretty much everybody would agree would be absolutely terrible to endure. Whether you're "remembering" being burned at the stake for witchcraft, eating the heart of a ritually murdered child, fleeing the destruction of Atlantis, or aliens performing invasive procedures on your body, there's no ambiguity or uncertainty that what supposedly happened is horrible. In a society that constantly tells people that they haven't had it bad enough to be traumatized, because real trauma can only come from something way more severe than what they're experiencing, it's just no surprise that this keeps happening. Their subconscious minds seek the images and narratives that seem to align with the distress they're feeling.

It's been observed that what people experience while under hypnosis is basically the same as what they experience while dreaming. What they experience isn't necessarily logical; in fact, it's often far from it. Weird, surreal stuff just happens out of nowhere. People just do things with no genuinely reasonable motive.

In the context of RAMCOA, this is often handwaved away with "well, they're cultists, this is obviously part of their weird cult practices." This is not only an incredibly weak explanation for most of this stuff, but when you look at other supposedly recovered memories, you just can't help but notice that this is a pattern in every belief system people try to recover memories in, so trying to do this for supposed cases of SRA and the like is just special pleading.

And yeah, if you wanna share your story, I'd love to hear it!