In Gudbrandsdalen they say that today will show how the rest of the year will be. If something goes wrong today, all year will go wrong, whereas a good day promises a good year.
In Østerdalen, the valley "next door", they said it was unlucky to get visited by females today, while seeing a dark-haired man brought luck.
In Helgeland up north - or, on Helgeland, as we actually say it in Norwegian - they say if the weather is bad today, the harvest will suffer. Onshore winds will give a good fishing season, but if it blows hard, the whole year will be windy.
In Berlevåg up in Finnmark, our northernmost region, a snowfall today promises a good berry year.
In Bindal in Nordland they say,
New year's night thick and clear
will give us all a prosperous year
All over Sør- and Østlandet they say that if there is snow or hoarfrost on the forest today, it promises a good grain harvest.
In Setesdal, it's like this, "Whatever you do today, you'll keep doing all year." So, logically, you'll be best off in 2019 if you make sure you do something pleasant and worthwhile today. Eat well, accept help and gifts, spoil yourself to treats and beauty - well, you know the drill. Don’t overdo anything, though. And, don’t stress.
Today's mark on the primstav can be: an hourglass, a sundial or a compass wheel - both to remind of time passing; a knife - some think it is to commemorate the circumcision of Baby Jesus, but since - iirc - knives aren't used, I think it's about protection - a couple of generations ago we used to keep “steel”, usually a knife, stabbed into the wall, either above the door or above the table, for protection during the month of jul; a triple cross; a drinking horn; a temple; a church. There might be more I am not familiar with.