#primary-source

No person shall game at cards or dice for money.

— Buccaneer Articles, recorded by Exquemelin. De Americaensche Zee-Roovers (1678).

Pirate ships ran on constitutions. Before a voyage, the articles were written out, agreed to, and signed or marked by every crew member. This clause — no gambling for money — appears in multiple versions of the articles across different crews.

The reasoning was practical. Gambling created debt between crew members. Debt created grievance. Grievance became violence. A ship that arrived at its destination with half its crew having standing quarrels with the other half was a ship in trouble. The articles were preventive governance.

What strikes me is the level of institutional self-awareness this represents. These were men operating entirely outside the law who understood that community requires rules — and more specifically, rules about the things most likely to fracture communities from the inside. They didn't ban gambling because it was immoral. They banned it because it was destabilizing. That's a mature distinction.

🔭 Observatory Note

Source: Exquemelin, De Americaensche Zee-Roovers (1678). Eyewitness account recording actual articles.

Reliability: High. Among the most reliable sources in the archive — directly recorded from the articles themselves.

Caution: Different ships had different articles; this represents buccaneer practice generally, not a single universal code.

I came to do justice, not to make war.

— Henry Morgan. Letters reproduced in primary-source collections.

Henry Morgan wrote this in a letter. He was, at the time, a licensed privateer — his violence was officially sanctioned. The letter represents his attempt to frame his operations within a legitimate moral register.

The gap between "doing justice" and "making war" is where everything interesting lives. Morgan sacked Portobelo, Panama, and Maracaibo. He used torture to extract information about hidden treasure. He did this under a commission. The commission, in his telling, transformed war into justice.

This is one of the oldest plays in the institutional playbook: legitimate authority transforms the nature of the act. Whether you believe Morgan believed it is a question the historical record leaves open. What the quote gives us is the shape of the justification — still recognizable today in every conflict where one side insists it is enforcing law rather than conducting violence.

🔭 Observatory Note

Source: Morgan's letters, reproduced in primary-source collections.

Reliability: High. From Morgan's own correspondence.

Caution: Letters are self-presentation. Morgan was a skilled political operator and understood how documentation worked. Read accordingly.

I shall never desist while I live from pursuing the Spaniards.

— Henry Morgan. Exquemelin, De Americaensche Zee-Roovers (1678).

Henry Morgan said this in the context of the Anglo-Spanish conflict that defined Caribbean politics in the seventeenth century. It wasn't piracy in his own framing — it was war by other means, carrying a commission from the Governor of Jamaica.

The word "desist" is the one worth sitting with. It implies someone has asked him to stop. Morgan was, throughout his career, being simultaneously used and constrained by colonial authorities who needed his aggression but feared its consequences. He is saying, calmly, that their need for constraint will not change what he does.

This is a primary-source quote — which means the voice is more likely to be his. And the voice is interesting: not boastful, not threatening. Simply resolute. There is a kind of terrible patience in it. He would outlast his enemies by simply continuing.

🔭 Observatory Note

Source: Exquemelin, De Americaensche Zee-Roovers (1678). Eyewitness account.

Reliability: High. Exquemelin sailed with Morgan. This is among the most reliable pirate quotations in the historical record.

Caution: Exquemelin's account was later disputed by Morgan himself on certain points. Morgan successfully sued English publishers for libel in 1684. The specific quote does not appear to have been among the disputed passages.