#polygenism

37. When, however, there is question of another conjectural opinion, namely polygenism, the children of the Church by no means enjoy such liberty. For the faithful cannot embrace that opinion which maintains either that after Adam there existed on this earth true men who did not take their origin through natural generation from him as from the first parent of all or that Adam represents a certain number of first parents. Now it is in no way apparent how such an opinion can be reconciled with that which the sources of revealed truth and the documents of the Teaching Authority of the Church propose with regard to original sin, which proceeds from a sin actually committed by an individual Adam and which through generation is passed on to all and is in everyone as his own.[12]

These images are from the 1854 book Types of Mankind by Civil War physician Josiah Clark Nott (1804–1873) and George R. Gliddon. 

The first is titled "The Natural Provinces of the Animal World and their Relation to the different Types of Man" and along with an explanatory preface was contributed by geologist Louis Agassiz, a student of Georges Couvier, who continued his mentor's theories of classification

into four embranchements (branches): Vertebrata, Insecta, Vermes (worms) and Radiata (radially symmetrical animals). Within each embranchement the classes could be ranked from lowest to highest; the orders in each class could be similarly ranked, and so on down to the species level, with Homo sapiens sitting at the very top of the scale of life.

Agassiz was a staunch creationist (unlike Couvier) and the theory of polygenesis that he offers differ tremendously from Darwin's theory of evolution.