In her book Caliban and the Witch, Silvia Federici makes the important claim that the medieval witch hunt across Europe constituted part of the process of primitive accumulation, preparing the ground for the emergence of capitalism. While the enclosures put an end to peopleās access to the commons, the witch hunt resulted in the loss of womenās control over their bodies.
āThe witch-hunt deepened the divisions between women and men, teaching men to fear the power of women, and destroyed a universe of practices, beliefs, and social subjects whose existence was incompatible with the capitalist work discipline, thus redefining the main elements of social reproductionā (Federici, 1998: 165).
In other words, the witch hunt was an essential aspect of the establishment of capitalist social relations of production. āThere is no doubt that in the ātransition from feudalism to capitalismā women suffered a unique process of social degradation that was fundamental to the accumulation of capital and has remained so ever sinceā (Federici, 1998: 75). The control of women and their bodies became a direct part of capitalist accumulation.
āThe female body, the uterus, [was placed] at the service of population increase and the production and accumulation of labour-powerā (Federici, 1998: 181).
As Federici powerfully clarifies, if āfemininityā has been constituted in capitalist society as a work-function masking the production of the work-force under the cover of a biological destiny, then āwomenās historyā is āclass historyā
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