#perdev: 4.1

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Structure of a Family

1. Nuclear - traditional

2. Single Parent - one parent

3. Extended Family - living with grandparent/s or cousin/s

4. Step Family/Blended - remarried parents

5. Grandparent Family - under the care of grandparents

6. Adoption - family not related by blood

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General Functions of a Family

Procreation

Economic Provision

Love

Socialization

Sense of Security

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Ways of Improving Family Relationship

Communication

Learn to appreciate

Sharing activities

Commitment to the family

Show support to each other

Acceptance

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Genogram - Monica Goldrick and Randy Gerson (1980s)

a tool that will help you understand yourself and your family

visual representation of a family

more detailed and gives more information regarding familial and psychological or emotional relationships and patterns including medical conditions and history within that family

Use of Genograms

used to source information that aids in understanding patterns, practices, or dynamics that possibly affects or influence certain human conditions

for adolescents, understanding their own family origins may lead them also in understand themselves better and their relationships

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Notes:

Legal separation means that there was no court hearing and only papers were signed.

The symbol for annulment has three slashes.

Annulment is when the marriage shouldn’t have happened in the first place, while a divorce is when the marriage doesn’t work out.

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Homeostatic State - describe balance or equilibrium in our body system

Stressor - anything that induces stress (can be of external nature or internal stimulus)

Stress Factors

1. Physiological Factor - affects the body and its functions

2. Psychological Factor - affects our thoughts, feelings, and behavior

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Walter Cannon

stress = “fight or flight” syndrome

fight or flight - an initial reaction to a physical or psychological threat

Hans Selye - associates stress with mental, emotional, and physical states produced within the organism in response to stimulus

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General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

1. The Alarm Stage - recognition of stressor

2. The Resistance Phase - adaptation and resistance

3. The Exhaustion Phase - feeling burnout, fatigue, and dysfunction

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Coping Strategies

Richard Lazarus: coping - cognitive or behavioral response to stress aimed at managing or reducing stress

Cognitive Appraisal Theory

Primary Appraisal - evaluation of the meaning of the situation and check if it will affect him

Secondary Appraisal - involves how one feels about the situation

Coping Styles/Mechanisms

Emotion-focused - involves shame and embarrassment, fear and anxiety, excitement, anger or depression

Behavior: Distant, constant crying, shouting, turning to vices (alcohol, smoking, video games, drugs), eating disorder (not eating or overeating), sleeping disorder (over-sleeping or sleeping less)

Problem-focused - takes control of the situation directly in practical ways

Behavior: Removing/reducing the stressor, researching about the problem, consulting friends or professionals, strategizing/finding a solution, adapting, learning new skills

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Vulnerability - level of susceptibility or tendency to be affected by stressors

Stress Level - level of the effect of stressors in your life

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