key conferences & key ideas
Hinted the bomb to Stalin
Agreed on the Polish borders
Stalin wanted to annex all occupied territory (up to Curzon Line); compensate it with German territory
No objections from FDR and Churchill
Governments in Eastern Europe
Stalin wanted Moscow-friendly governments in E. Europe and Poland
Also clash between Polish govt.-in-exile (London Poles) and the pro-USSR Union of Polish Patriots (ZZP)
FDR willing to persuade cooperation with Stalin vs. his vice-presi Truman who was lowkey anti-Communist
Idea that hostilities between both sides were to reassert itself after WW2
Jul. 1944: Bretton-Woods (United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference)
Financial arrangements for the post-war world
44 governments represented, including the USSR
Drew up plans for the IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) to give foreign aid
World Bank formed, came into *actual existence* in 1945
IMF (International Monetary Fund) formed, though also came into like actual existence in Dec. 1945
Help balance out international payments
End post-war discriminatory tariffs
Oct. 1944: Tolstoy (% agreement // naughty documents // 4th moscow conf.)
Stalin & Churchill on influence over E. Europe
Greece 10% to USSR (argument against Soviet world domination is that Stalin did keep his promise here and didnât intervene in the civil war in Greece)
Yugoslavia and Hungary 50% to USSR
Division of Germany into 4 zones
Stalin felt sphere of influence vital to Soviet security (as agreed in naughty docs.)
Stalin worried about US open-door policies
FDR now supported the idea of a sphere of influence less; American suggestion to not have a sphere of influence
Good guy just wanted Wilsonian democracy everywhere and self-determination --> Atlantic Charter principles of 1941
FDR suggested forming the United Nations
Stalin accepted London Poles; believed they could cooperate (but no)
Negotiated war reparations
USSR wanted over $10 billion...
Stalin disliked American dollar diplomacy at Bretton-Woods and American imposition of terms & conditions when the USSR asked for loans in Jan. 1945
What actually happened: USSR ended up increasing reparations and taking them from its OWN sphere of influence (Soviet economic control OR the Soviets werenât economically strong enough and therefore needed money to rebuild itself so desperately)
USSR later failed to honor the agreement at Yalta of free elections in Poland, giving rise to American suspicion esp. with Truman
Already pretty clear they were winning the war (i mean, this was after V. E. Day)
Recognized moving Polish borders westwards
USSR declares war on Japan
Dissolution of the Polish govt.-in-exile
After the Trial of the 16 (London Poles, who were invited over and killed), Britain and the US withdrew support for the legitimate Polish govt.-in-exile
Bulgaria secretly given to Stalin by Allies
Create a Council of Foreign Ministers
Andddd what do we do with Germany now? (some stuff from ernâs & lucasâs presi -- thank you!)
German territory = Poland (skiddadle skiddation german territory is under requisition!)
Nuremberg Trials approved
Division of Germany into 4 zones
Oversight over German war economy
âunconditional surrenderâ of Japan, issued by Truman, Churchill and Chiang Kai Shek
Basically an ultimatum that if Japan refuses to surrender it would face âprompt and utter destructionâ
Americans tried to avoid the discussion of the trusteeship of Korea
Korea key to Muscovite spread of ideology and RESOURCES (esp. if youâre going along the lines of USSR being economically stripped after the war)
USSR in <3 with Korea and Manchuria
Evidence: when the USSR declared war on Japan it also invaded Korea and Manchuria (... perhaps Korea and Manchuria was a motive behind the USSR joining the US in the Pacific theater?)
During WW2, FDR proposed a 4-power trusteeship over the Korean Peninsula; keep the Commies in check!
Division of the Korean Peninsula the 38th parallel
US and Western forces over South Korea
Later had to support Koreans who collaborated with the Japanese as well as Syngman Rhee in the 1948 elections (which was, like, soooo democratic and *totally not rigged*)
Trusteeship to last 5 years before Korea allowed to be independent
Dec. 1945: Moscow Conference (of Foreign Ministers)
Brynes, Bevin and Molotov discussed âFar Eastâ issues: occupation & peace
Peace treaties (1947 Paris Peace Treaties) with:
Japan: establish a Far Eastern Commission and Allied Council
Korea: unification of the Korean peninsula
US and USSR commands to work together through a Joint Commission to unify it under a single, free government
Led to a lot of (mutual) suspicion
Oh well we know how it all went in Korea
Formation of the UNAEC (United Nations Atomic Energy Commission)
Kennan about Brynes (in diary): âThe realities behind this agreement, since they concern only such people as Koreans, Rumanians, and Iranians, about whom he knows nothing, do not concern him. He wants an agreement for its political effect at home. The Russians know this. They will see that for this superficial success he pays a heavy price in the things that are realâ
Kennan worked in the American embassy in Moscow
Feb. 1948: London Conferences (and again in Jun. 1948)
Held between the US, Britain, France and Benelux countries
Encourage German participation in the international community / economy
Basically to create the Federal Republic of Germany
Dec. 1947 Foreign Secretary Conference failed to agree on the German question!
Democratic Federal Republic of Germany must be formed! Czechoslovakia already went Commie!
Minister Presidents in West Germany should form a parliamentary council to form a free, democratic state according to Atlantic Charter dogma
Federal Republic of Germany to not have WMDs (weapons of mass destruction)
Federal Republic of Germany to not invade Soviet zone
France wanted to merge zones if Saarland could be financially merged with the Ruhr
