Literacy & Dick Ownership
Q) What is meant by 'special' in the Dick story Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?
Shortest answer yet: in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, 'special' means a human whose intelligence has been damaged by radioactive fallout, someone legally and socially downgraded — a person who is still biologically human but no longer fully recognised as such by society.
Dick uses the term with several layers of cruelty baked in.
1. The literal definition
A special (sometimes called a chickenhead) is:
a human whose IQ has dropped below the government‑mandated threshold
usually due to genetic damage from nuclear fallout
legally barred from migrating to an improved lifestyle
treated as socially inferior, often mocked or pitied
They are considered 'genetically damaged stock' — a phrase that tells you everything about how dehumanising society operates.
Being labelled a special is essentially a civil death:
You lose the right to leave Earth
You lose access to many jobs
You are treated as less than fully human
You become part of the 'remnant population' left behind on a dying planet
Dick uses the term to show how a bureaucratic label erases a person’s dignity.
'Special' is a mirror held up to the novel’s central question: what counts as human?
Androids are biologically artificial but often more articulate, more self‑aware, more emotionally complex than humans.
Specials are biologically human but stripped of rights, status, and respect.
So the term 'special' exposes the hypocrisy of a society obsessed with biological purity while simultaneously failing to recognise empathy, suffering, and personhood.
It’s the Dick way of saying:
Humanity is not guaranteed by biology. It is guaranteed by how we treat one another.
4. Why the word 'special' is bitterly ironic
The word sounds gentle — almost euphemistic — but in the novel it functions like a slur. Dick deliberately chooses a soft word to mask a brutal reality, the same way real-world societies all too often mask their cruel behaviour amongst bureaucratic management.