#openworm

In 1986, John White and his colleagues published "The Structure of the Nervous System of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans," a paper universally known as "The Mind of a Worm." It was the first complete wiring diagram of any animal's brain: 302 neurons and more than 7,000 synapses, mapped by hand over years of painstaking work at the electron microscope in Cambridge.

That paper is the foundation on which OpenWorm was built.

We are honored to announce that John White has donated his share of the 2026 Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences to the OpenWorm Foundation. It is the largest single gift in our history.

Celebrating John

John was awarded the Wiley Prize alongside Drs. Rubin, Murthy and Seung for foundational contributions to understanding neural circuits via connectomes. The prize ceremony took place at Rockefeller University on April 10, 2026. Congratulations to John on this recognition of a body of work that has shaped an entire field of science.

A Vote of Confidence

In a note accompanying his gift, John expressed his deep belief in OpenWorm's founding goal and his conviction that with modern gene expression and neural activity data now becoming globally accessible, that goal may well be attainable.

We are grateful in ways that are hard to put into words. John and his colleagues spent years at the electron microscope so the rest of us could have a connectome to work with. His confidence that the original goal is now within reach reinforces our commitment to rigorous, open, incremental science. We intend to honor that trust with real results.

What We're Building

John's gift arrives at a moment of real energy for the project. Our 2026 work is organized around three things:

Design Documents: structured technical specifications covering architectural decisions across all major subsystems, from neural circuits to body physics to data integration. Twenty-nine draft Design Documents are currently under scientific review. They serve two purposes: preserving institutional knowledge so newcomers can learn by reading rather than by finding a mentor, and providing concrete implementation targets that break down into well-scoped contributions. Inspired by RFC processes used in Rust, Python, and Apache, they formalize decisions the project has already made and create a transparent process for proposing new ones.

A contributor progression model: a clear pathway from newcomer to core contributor drawn from open-source projects that have successfully scaled communities well beyond their founding teams.

AI-assisted contribution: pathways that use AI to lower barriers to participation, including automated onboarding, AI-augmented code review, and a model where contributors can direct AI agents to work on well-scoped issues defined by the Design Documents. The science is human-led. Every specification is human-authored. Every merge is human-approved. AI provides extra capacity, particularly for contributors who have programming skills but are still building their C. elegans biology knowledge.

ConnectomeToolbox

OpenWorm's ConnectomeToolbox, built and maintained by Padraig Gleeson, provides a unified Python API for accessing more than 30 C. elegans connectome datasets, from White 1986 through Wang 2024. It is foundational infrastructure across many of the Design Documents, and a paper describing the toolbox is nearing completion.

How the Funds Will Be Used

In consultation with John, the donation will support two things: updating the Worm Browser with newer connectome datasets (L1 larval, L4, male, and dauer) and student travel awards for those presenting OpenWorm-related work at conferences.

Join Us

We have made some changes to how we communicate as a community. We have two places for community conversation. The openworm-discuss Google Group is the mailing list for announcements, Q&A and project discussion. Subscribe there to stay in the loop via email. We're also on Bluesky as our primary social channel, where much of the science community now lives. Slack remains the home for day-to-day collaboration: Join here.

Thank You

To John: your generosity and your belief in this mission mean more than we can say. We are honored to steward these funds in service of the goal you articulated 40 years ago.

If you've contributed to OpenWorm before, thank you. If you've been curious but haven't found the right moment to get involved, this seems like a good one. There's real work ahead and more ways to plug in than there have ever been.

View: https://openworm.org/assets/OpenWormPoster_C_elegans_meeting_June_2021.pdf

Over the past year, DevoWorm has been involved in a number of initiatives. DevoWorm hosted four Google Summer of Code students in 2022: Karan Lohaan and Harikrishna Pillai worked on the Digital Microspheres project (a spherical platform for embryo data), while Jiahang Li and Wataru Kawakami worked on developing a Graph Neural Network pipeline for the DevoLearn platform.

DevoWorm also had a presence at NetSci 2022 (virtual conference hosted in Shanghai). Bradly Alicea presented on the group's Embodied Hypernetworks work in the main conference, as well as serving to represent the group at the Network Neuroscience satellite session as a presenter and participant.

Electrical recordings from individual neurons in C. elegans are crucial experimental data required for creating biologically realistic computational models of the worm.

Electrophysiological recordings of the activity of the ASH neuron made by the Wormsense Lab of Miriam Goodman were converted to open, standardized Neurodata Without Borders format as part of a Google Summer of Code project in 2021 by Steph Prince. Further details, as well as all of the converted datasets, can be found here.

The recent paper NeuroPAL: A Multicolor Atlas for Whole-Brain Neuronal Identification in C. elegans described a groundbreaking new technique to create a genetic strain of the worm where each neuron is labelled with a fluorescent marker of a specific color, allowing easy identification of neurons across experiments and animals.

We have converted one of these datasets containing positions of cell bodies and the expressed NeuroPAL colors to NeuroML, to allow it to be used in OpenWorm models and associated applications. Full details can be found here.