Singer I 251

Ecology/Naess, Arne/Singer, P.: (A. Naess, "The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement", Inquiry 16 (1973), pp. 95-100): Definition Shallow Ecology/Naess: is limited to the traditional framework of ethics: this is about not polluting water, for example, in order to have enough drinking water and to avoid pollution, so that one can continue to enjoy nature. On the other hand, Definition Deep Ecology/Naess: wants to preserve the biosphere for its own sake, regardless of the potential benefit to mankind. Deep Ecology/Naess/Singer, P.: thus takes as its subject matter larger units than the individual: species, ecosystems and even the biosphere as a whole. Deep Ecology: (A. Naess and George Sessions, "Basic Principles of Deep Ecology", Ecophilosophy, 6 (1984) Principles: 1. The wellbeing and development of human and non-human life on earth have a value in itself (intrinsic, inherent value), regardless of the non-human world's use for human purposes. 2. Wealth and diversity of life forms contribute to the realization of these values and are values in themselves. 3. People do not have the right to diminish the wealth and diversity of the world, except when it comes to vital interests. I 252 #Biosphere/Naess/Sessions/Singer, P.: Sessions and Naess use the term "Biosphere" in a broad sense, so that rivers, landscapes and ecosystems are also included. P. SingerVsNaess: (see also SingerVsSessions): the #ethics of deep ecology does not provide satisfactory answers to the value of the life of individuals. Maybe that is the wrong question. Ecology is more about systems than individual organisms. Therefore, ecological ethics should be related to species and #ecosystems. I 253 So there is a kind of #Holism behind it. This is shown by Lawrence Johnson (L. Johnson, A Morally Deep World, Cambridge, 1993). Johnson's thesis: The interests of species are different from the sum of individual interests and exist simultaneously together with individual interests within our moral considerations.

Columbus signs Nicolai Naess from Stabaek

The Columbus Crew have added some defensive impetus to a struggling side, signing Norwegian defender Nicolai Naess from Stabaek on Wednesday. Second from the bottom in the Eastern Conference after last year’s finals defeat to Portland, Columbus announced the move with a statement on its website. “Targeted Allocation Money was used to acquire Naess, who will be added to Crew SC’s active roster…

WADOO!!NEWS: Ashlee Simpson Takes Supreme Dive … I Wanna Be Like Diana Ross

Ashlee Simpson‘s coming out … she wants the world to know … that Diana Ross is her mother-in-law — so she’s legally taking her name, or she’s trying to anyway. (more…)