#nacwc

The National Association of Colored Women: Empowering Black Women Worldwide

In July 1896, the National Association of Colored Women’s Club Inc. (NACWC) was established. The creation of the club was actually a merger between two organizations, the National League of Colored Women and the National Federation of Afro-American Women.

The merger allowed NACWC to operate on a national level and address the needs of black women globally. The club’s motto was “Lifting as we…

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The National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs (1896)

The National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs, Inc. (NACWC) was established in 1896 as a union between the National League of Colored Women and the National Federation of Afro-American Women, allowing the NACWC to act as a unifying group for local and regional Black women’s organizations. The club promoted self-help for African American women, illustrated in their motto “Lifting as We Climb.” The NACWC supported issues of temperance, moral purity, and suffrage much like white women’s groups, but the club also saw their organization as a way to support both gender and race. For the NACWC, suffrage was the right to vote for all women, as well as black men who were still experiencing marginalization by political white supremacists. The organization's support of temperance and moral purity supported gender norms and ideals, especially in promoting the cult of true womanhood. However, this also provided a platform for the NACWC to find support within mainstream culture, even while advocating for women’s suffrage and racial equality.

Some of the most prominent members of the NACWC included activists such as Harriet Tubman, Frances E.W. Harper, Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, Margaret Murray Washington, Ida B. Wells, and Mary Church Terrell.

In 1917, readers of The Crisis magazine, the official publication of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), would have come across a powerful call to action, written by one Mrs. Mary B. Talbert.

Talbert, an educator, civil rights activist, and then-president of the National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs (NACWC) had turned her eyes to Cedar Hill, the Washington, D.C., home of abolitionist Frederick Douglass.

The NACWC, at its biennial meeting just months earlier, had created a committee to consider the possibility of assisting the trustees of the Frederick Douglass Memorial & Historical Association(FDMHA) with the care of the house and the legacy Douglass left behind.

She writes:

“After careful consideration of all the facts we conclude that this is the psychological moment for us, as women, to show our true worth and prove that the Negro woman of to-day measures up to those strong and sainted women of our race, like Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, Amanda Smith, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper and others who passed through the fire of slavery and its galling remembrances.

“We believe the attainment of the goal depends upon the enlistment of every Negro, man, woman, boy and girl in America. We seriously realize that it will require us to mobilize all the resources of our Association to show that we are not afraid to put ourselves on record as being able to save the home by one day’s co-operative effort.”

Powerful words from a woman who would go on to make significant strides in the early days of the country’s preservation movement.

“She was a forward-thinking woman in terms of what we think of when we think of preservation,” says Ka’mal McClarin, museum curator at the Frederick Douglass National Historic Site. “What you have is her, along with other women of her day, preserving Mr. Douglass’ legacy by really seeing this home become a landmark, while at the same time carrying out the wishes of Mr. Douglass’ second wife, Mrs. Helen Pitts Douglass.”

Frederick Douglass purchased the Cedar Hills home in 1877. He made several additions to the house, which was built between 1855 and 1859, and at the time of his death in 1895, the house had become a 21-room mansion.

Two men repair the steps of Douglass' home in Anacostia during the 1920s' renovation process.

After Douglass’ death, Pitts Douglass urged the U.S. Congress to charter the Frederick Douglass Memorial & Historical Association. And when she died in 1903, ownership of the house went to the association.

In the years following Talbert’s piece in The Crisis magazine, she, along with other members of the NACWC, the FDMHA, and others dedicated to the preservation of Douglass’ home, worked to raise money to pay off the mortgage on the house and begin maintenance and preservation efforts.

By 1922, the NACWC completed the first restoration of the home.

Forty years later, the National Park Service took over ownership of the property, and the next round of restoration work was completed in 1972.

Douglass' home in 1960 before the next round of renovations.

  In 1972, the renovations on the home were completed.

And in 2004, the NPS launched an approx. $2.7 million restoration project, in which windows were repaired, shutters replaced, and the house’s original wallpaper was restored. Additionally, a study was conducted to determine the original color of the exterior of the house. The house re-opened to the public in January 2007.

In other words, Talbert helped start a movement.

“She left a legacy for us as we carry on the next wave of stewardship through the National Park Service,” McClarin says.

As the National Park Service continues to maintain and restore the house, as Talbert and the members of the FDMHA and the NACWC envisioned, Talbert’s own legacy lives on.