#module 01

Hi, kids we will start with new subject and a new chapter, Organisation of Commerce and Management, under that the very first chapter Nature and Scope or Busy ness of Business, let’s see.

Explain in brief the classification of human activities. What’s the question, human activities means what you and I or we all are busy doing, right, throughout our life we do something or the other. We all talk to our friends, yes. So, that is also a human activity. We do ride bicycles, human activity, correct. We go to the barber, we go to the saloon for haircut, human activity done by barber.  We all dance, play, what is all that, human activity. So, we all are busy in some or the other human activity throughout our life.

Now, let’s understand these activities have been classified into two types, the very first is non-economic activities and second, economic activity. What are non-economic activities? Let’s check out, activities are all those activities which are preformed out of love and affection or as a hobby or joy. Someone is painting, what is it, hobby or maybe for the fun or joy sake. Second, someone is dancing down out here, what is that, hobby or for sake of joy. So, these are non-economic activities. Do remember whenever we are carrying out any activity or a hobby or for joy like these girls, do we get money in return. No, we don’t get money, we don’t get paisa. So, it’s a non-economic activity. The activities are not performed for money or money’s worth.

Economic activities are the activities which are conducted for earning money. You can see barber gets money for cutting hair, right. You buy some flowers you need to pay something, that’s money again. You buy some candy floss, you need to pay money, economic activities, right. Iron, someone is ironing your clothes, he is going to charge you something, we are going to pay money, so it an economic activity. You are going to restaurant or a hotel, the chef prepares something for you, economic activity, why, you are going to pay, right, don’t forget. So these economic activities can be further classified into busyness, that’s business, you are investing money for getting some returns, good returns, that’s a profit, economic activity. Number two, we have profession, you acquire some qualification and you get something in return, money again. At number three, you go for a job as an employee, get something in return again, that’s money. All these are economic activities. Students, I hope it’s very simple and easy to remember. 

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Hi, friends let’s start with a fresh topic. The name of the topic is Depreciation. Let’s see what is that depreciation?    Our first module for depreciation, fixed assets versus goods and depreciation. So, here we want to see fixed assets, goods already known to us and what is    depreciation. So let’s understand introduction to the depreciation chapter. Now, fixed assets versus goods that is the subject matter for this particular    module. So, let’s understand. Fixed Assets are the assets, which are acquired by the businessman not for the purpose of re-sale, but for the purpose of    using them somewhere in the business for a longer period of time. So, we are buying certain assets, which we want to use for our business purpose and    obviously we are buying them or intention is to use them for a longer period of time, such assets are called as fixed asset. Let’s see some examples. Now    fixed assets, examples – machinery, so machinery used in the business for production purpose. After that furniture, it is used in a business or factory.    After that building, obviously without building it’s not possible for us to conduct the business activity, so we require certain central place to conduct    our business activities and then while doing the business we require certain vehicles. So, all such kinds of assets are called fixed assets. So, such    assets are purchased in a business and intended to use for a longer period of time. They are called as fixed assets. So, when we are buying our intention    is very clear, we want to use them in the business for a longer period of time and they are fixed assets. Now, continuous use of them and due to some other    reasons, continuously we are using them in our business, apart from that there are some other reasons their values goes on decreasing. So, value goes on    decreasing and such reduction in the value of fixed assets is known as depreciation. So, depreciation, meaning of depreciation in simple words, values of    fixed assets decreased and the decrease is mainly because of use of fixed assets, so that reduction is called as depreciation.    Let’s continue with this. Now, take one example, this is the first year of machinery purchased for the business. So, very new machinery, you can understand    by looking at the physical appearance of this particular machinery. We put that particular machinery in use, after using it for one year, now the condition    is like this, after third year, I mean to say after using it for three years now the condition is like this. After that, fourth year now again it is    deteriorated, and then fifth year, if you observe it physically then we find that again it is damaged. So, this is happened because of using of this    particular machinery continuously. And now from this you can understand, with the usage of fixed assets, the physical life as well as economical life goes    on decreasing. Obviously, we are using physically as well as economically because the productivity will be affected, it goes on decreasing over the period    of time. So, continuously we are using this particular machinery and such continuous use goes on decreasing the value of the asset. So, likewise the value    of fixed assets also goes on decreasing. And then after that, day by day the value of year will keep on decreasing when we are using it for a business.    Such fall in the value of fixed assets is called as depreciation. So, when we use the asset, its value decreases and that reduction is called as    depreciation.    So, the word depreciation is derived from the Latin word, Depretium which means reduction, decrease, decline etc. in the value. So, originated from Latin    language, the word is Depretium, so meaning is reduction, decrease or decline. Here, the value of fixed asset is declining and so we are using the word    depreciation. Depreciation is mainly because of wear and tear of fixed assets and also due to some other factors like efflux of time, obsolescence etc. So,    a number of reasons are there but the main cause is wear and tear of that particular asset. So, depreciation is treated as loss to the business. Obviously,    value of our fixed assets goes on decreasing and so that reduction is treated as loss to our business.

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Hello, friends, myself Nitin Mahajan and going to introduce you this subject, which is all new subject for you. And name of the subject is Book-keeping and Accountancy. So, we are going to start with Introduction to Book-keeping and Accountancy. Let’s see what is there in this particular subject.

So, first of all, basic accounting terminologies. Now there could be questions on terminologies, as define or explain or write a short note on some particular terms. So, from that point of view, this part is important to us, that is what I am talking about, examination of view. But not only that to understand this new subject, you must understand these particular terms, they are important terms. So far this subject is concerned and so that we must understand this particular subject minutely. So, let’s start with these particular accounting terminologies.

Now, the very first term that is module no.1.1, chapter number 1 and module number 1, here we are going to discuss the term business. So, let’s see accounting terminologies and the very first term is business, so, on this there could be a question. What is business or write a short note on business. So, let’s see what is business? Business includes any activity continuously carried on by a person or persons and when conducting these particular activities that is intention is to earn profit. So to earn a profit when any kind of economic activity is conducted with an intention to earn profit and that activity is called as business. Let’s see further, now as example, production of goods, now goods are produced. Whenever the producer is producing the goods, why he is producing? Because he wants to sell them, so for the purpose of selling it he is making the production. And this production process is a continuous process, so in this factory they are producing and this product will be sold out in the market. And so this is one type of business which is known as manufacturing business. So, manufacturing of goods continuously for the sale to earn profit that is the business.

Then we will see another example, buying and selling of goods. So, now here goods are purchased and sold. They are bought and sold and from that businessman is earning a profit. So, buying and selling of goods continuously to earn profit, again it is a business.

Let’s see next example, providing services. Every time it is not necessary that we are manufacturing something or we are buying or selling only, so sometimes certain businesses, they are providing services. Now, providing services through couriers and then after that this another type of service wherein we are providing the information as per requirement of the customer and if this particular activity is continuously carried on then that is called as business. So, providing different types of services regularly to earn profit again it is a business. Thus, from this we can understand business is an economic activity. Second feature, we can say that it is continuous activity. So, if any activity is conducted once or twice, even if the intention is to earn profit then it cannot be called as business. So business is continuous activity, so it is continuous activity with intention to earn profit, requires different types of resources like men, machinery, material, money. So all these factors are bought together and with this help of these, the business activity is conducted. Then after that next intention is to earn profit, yes, that is very much essential to call it as a business, there must be intention to earn profit. So, these particular activities they are called as business.

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In dreams anything can happen, and when my alarm went off loudly in my ear this morning I immediately hit the snooze button. More dreams, I can never remember the events clearly, but anything is better than having to sit and take notes during my first standard introductory level course of the day. That moment when you awaken, when you aren’t quite sure of reality is a beautiful moment. At that point in time, life seems limitless. As your brain wakes up it cannot quite remember what problems you are having or what stress awaits you. There is so much promise in that moment.

Books

Harry Potter Series

1984

Hunger Games

Heart of Darkness

Movies

Lord of the Rings

Mr. Nobody

(500) Days of Summer

Music

Warm Whispers – Missy Higgins

Dance On Our Graves – Paper Route

Consequence – the Notwist

Artists

Placebo

Muse

Coldplay

Radiohead

Bon Iver

People

Thom Yorke

My Father

Places

Torch Lake, Michigan

Honolulu

Events

Holidays like Christmas and Thanksgiving

9/11

Books/pages turning - since my manifesto centers around the idea of escaping to fictional stories, I think it would be beneficial to represent these stories in the pages of a book. It will be a recognizable symbol.

Sunlight - the sun shining through will reflect the peace that reading these stories gives me. I have to make sure these images are reflecting peace and beauty because the sun can stand for other things like heat or hope.

Crowded - There were a lot of shots of the trains being pack way over capacity. Even in the long shots and extreme long shots, the frame was still full of people and city buildings. The director also used a lot of close ups so the viewer could feel claustrophobic with the train riders.

Sound - The director used sounds and lack of sounds to stress certain parts of the film. At the beginning the only sounds the viewer could hear were the whistling of the train and people walking. These sounds were only heard once the train came to a stop. This emphasized the "quiet before the storm" where everyone has to push their way on to the train.