#mips assembly

########################################################### # Program Description #  CS315 Lab 8 -  Stack # #  1. Use create_array to create a dynamic array of words #     (note:  create_array calls read_array, main does not #     call read_array) #  2. Use print_array to print the array #  3. Use sum_array to calculate the sum of the array #  4. Print the sum # # This is the last one! Thanks all for reading and following me! # ########################################################### # Register Usage # $t0 # $t1 # $t2 # $t3 # $t4 # $t5 # $t6 # $t7 # $t8 # $t9 ########################################################### .data

########################################################### .text main:    jal     create_array    # jumps to create_array subprogram    jal     print_array     # jumps to print_array subprogram    jal     sum_array       # jumps to sum_array subprogram        lw      $a0, 0($sp)     # load sum to print    li      $v0, 1          # system call code for print int    syscall        addiu   $sp, $sp, 12         # Unallocate 3 words mainEnd:    li      $v0, 10    syscall    # Halt ###########################################################

########################################################### # Subprogram Description #  Ask the user for an array length, dynamically alocate #   an array of words with the given length #  Call read_array to fill the array

########################################################### # Arguments In and Out of subprogram # # $a0 # $a1 # $a2 # $a3 # $v0 # $v1 # $sp+0  Base address (OUT) # $sp+4  Array length (OUT) # $sp+8 # $sp+12 ########################################################### # Register Usage # $t0 - Base address # $t1 - Length # $t2 # $t3 # $t4 # $t5 # $t6 # $t7 # $t8 # $t9 ########################################################### .data Array_length: .asciiz "Enter a length for your array: "

########################################################### .text create_array: # Ask the user for an array length # Allocate space for the array # Call read_array to fill the array addiu   $sp, $sp, -4        # Allocate 1 word sw      $ra, 0($sp)         # Store the return address li    $v0, 4     # system call code for print string la    $a0, Array_length # load address of Array_length into $a0 syscall         # print Array_length message li    $v0, 5   # system call code for read integer syscall         # read in the value of length int $v0 move    $t0, $zero    # clear $t0 to be added to add    $t0, $v0, 0        # move $v0 to $t0 by adding

mul    $a0, $v0, 4        # set memory to allocate based on input li    $v0, 9          # system call code to allocate memory syscall        # allocate memory for the array addiu   $sp, $sp, -8        # Allocate 2 words sw      $v0, 0($sp)         # Store the array address sw      $t0, 4($sp)         # Store the array length jal     read_array          # jumps to read_array subprogram lw      $t1, 4($sp)         # Load the array length lw      $t0, 0($sp)         # Load the array address addiu   $sp, $sp, 8         # Unallocate 2 words lw      $ra, 0($sp)         # Load the return address addiu   $sp, $sp, 4         # Unallocate 1 word addiu   $sp, $sp, -8        # Allocate 2 words sw      $t0, 0($sp)         # Store the array address sw      $t1, 4($sp)         # Store the array length jr      $ra                 # jumps to previous program ###########################################################

########################################################### # Subprogram Description #  Reads words into an array until the array is full

########################################################### # Arguments In and Out of subprogram # # $a0 # $a1 # $a2 # $a3 # $v0 # $v1 # $sp+0  Base address (IN) # $sp+4  Array length (IN) # $sp+8 # $sp+12 ########################################################### # Register Usage # $t0 - Array Address # $t1 - Array Length # $t2 - Index # $t3 - Offset adress to store values # $t4 - Offset for address # $t5 - Input value # $t6 # $t7 # $t8 # $t9 ########################################################### .data Prompt_value: .asciiz "Please input value: "

########################################################### .text read_array: # Read values into an array until the array is full lw      $t0, 0($sp)         # Load the array address lw      $t1, 4($sp)         # Load the array length li    $t2, 0    # set starting index to 0 loop: bge    $t2, $t1, end_loop # breaks loop when last index is passed mul    $t4, $t2, 4    # sets offset to store the value add    $t3, $t4, $t0 # sets the address to store the value

li    $v0, 4    # system call code for print string la    $a0, Prompt_value # load address of Prompt_value into $a0 syscall        # print Prompt_value message li    $v0, 5    # system call code for read integer syscall        # read in the value of value int $v0 move $t5, $v0    # move value $v0 to $t5 sw    $t5, ($t3)    # store the value in the array add    $t2, $t2, 1    # increment loop by 1 b    loop    # move to the top of the loop end_loop: jr      $ra                 # Jumps to previous program ###########################################################

########################################################### # Subprogram Description #  Prints words from an array, separated by spaces

########################################################### # Arguments In and Out of subprogram # # $a0 # $a1 # $a2 # $a3 # $v0 # $v1 # $sp+0  Base address (IN) # $sp+4  Array length (IN) # $sp+8 # $sp+12 ########################################################### # Register Usage # $t0 - Array Length # $t1 - Array Address # $t2 - Index # $t3 - Index Address # $t4 - Offset # $t5 - The value to be stored # $t6 - Last index check # $t7 # $t8 # $t9 ########################################################### .data Start_array: .asciiz "Your array: [" Comma:    .asciiz ", " End_array:    .asciiz "]\n" ########################################################### .text print_array: # Print all values from an array lw      $t1, 0($sp)         # Load the array address lw      $t0, 4($sp)         # Load the array length li    $v0, 4    # system call code for print string la    $a0, Start_array # load address of Start_array into $a0 syscall        # print Start_array message

add    $t6, $t0, -1 # -1 from for array length for clean print

li    $t2, 0    # set starting index to 0 print_loop: bge    $t2, $t0, end_print # breaks loop when last index is passed mul    $t4, $t2, 4    # sets offset to laod the value add    $t3, $t4, $t1 # sets the address to print the value from

li    $v0, 1    # system call code for print integer lw    $a0, ($t3)    # load the value at address ($t3) syscall        # print the value at index $t2 beq    $t2, $t6, end_print # breaks loop when last index is passed

li    $v0, 4    # system call code for print string la    $a0, Comma    # load address of Comma into $a0 syscall        # print Commma message

add    $t2, $t2, 1    # increment loop by 1 b    print_loop    # move to the top of the loop end_print: li    $v0, 4    # system call code for print string la    $a0, End_array # load address of End_array into $a0 syscall        # print End_array message jr      $ra                 # Jumps to previous program ###########################################################

########################################################### # Subprogram Description #  Calculates the sum of an array #

########################################################### # Arguments In and Out of subprogram # # $a0 # $a1 # $a2 # $a3 # $v0 # $v1 # $sp+0  Base address (IN) # $sp+4  Array length (IN) # $sp+8  Array sum (OUT) # $sp+12 ########################################################### # Register Usage # $t0 - Array Address # $t1 - Array Length # $t2 - Index # $t3 - Address of value to add # $t4 - Offset to get value address # $t5 - Value loaded # $t6 - Sum # $t7 # $t8 # $t9 ########################################################### .data Array_sum:  .asciiz "Sum of your array: " ########################################################### .text sum_array: # Sum of all values from the array lw      $t0, 0($sp)         # Load the array address lw      $t1, 4($sp)         # Load the array length li    $v0, 4    # system call code for print string la    $a0, Array_sum    # load address of Start_array into $a0 syscall        # print Start_array message

move $t2, $0    # set starting index to 0 move $t6, $0    # set starting sum to 0 sum_loop: bge    $t2, $t1, end_sum # breaks loop when last index is passed mul    $t4, $t2, 4    # sets offset to load the value add    $t3, $t4, $t0 # sets the address to add the value from

lw    $t5, ($t3)    # load the value at address ($t3)

   add     $t6, $t6, $t5       # adds loaded int to the sum

add    $t2, $t2, 1    # increment loop by 1 b    sum_loop    # move to the top of the loop end_sum:    addiu   $sp, $sp, -4        # Allocate 1 word sw      $t6, 0($sp)         # Store the sum

######################################### # Program Description #  CS315 Lab 7 -  Floating-points and arrays # # Do the following IN THIS ORDER: # #  1. Use make_double_array to create a first dynamic array #     of doubles, store its base address and length in words #     named myBaseHolder1 and myArrayLen1, respectively # #  2. Use make_double_array to create a second dynamic array #     of doubles, store its base address and length in words #     named myBaseHolder2 and myArrayLen2, respectively # #  3. Use read_double_array to read the first array #  4. Use read_double_array to read the second array # #  5. Use print_double_array to print the first array #  6. Use print_double_array to print the second array # #  7. Use inner_product to calculate the inner product of #     the arrays #  8. Store the inner product in a variable called innerProd #  9. Print the inner product #

######################################### # Register Usage # $t0 # $t1 # $t2 # $t3 # $t4 # $t5 # $t6 # $t7 # $t8 # $t9 ######################################### .data myBaseHolder1:  .word 0 myArrayLen1:   .word 0 myBaseHolder2:  .word 0 myArrayLen2:   .word 0

Array_1: .asciiz "~~Array 1~~" Array_2: .asciiz "~~Array 2~~" Print_a1: .asciiz "Array 1: " Print_a2: .asciiz "Array 2: " Print_inner: .asciiz "Inner Product: "

# Put the words for the base addresses and lengths #  in THIS DATA SECTION (other subprograms should not use #  these labels, so don't put them with other subprograms)

######################################### .text main: li $v0, 4 # call code for print string la $a0, Array_1 # load Array_1 to print syscall # print Array_1 jal make_double_array # jump to make_double_array subprog la $t0, myBaseHolder1 # load address of myBaseHolder1 sw $v0, 0($t0) # save array address to myBaseHolder1 la $t0, myArrayLen1 # load address of myArrayLen1 sw $v1, 0($t0) # save length to myArrayLen1 li $v0, 4 # call code for print string la $a0, Array_2 # load Array_2 to print syscall # print Array_2 jal make_double_array # jump to make_double_array subprog la $t0, myBaseHolder2 # load address of myBaseHolder2 sw $v0, 0($t0) # save array address to myBaseHolder2 la $t0, myArrayLen2 # load address of myArrayLen2 sw $v1, 0($t0) # save length to myArrayLen2

li $v0, 4 # call code for print string la $a0, Array_1 # load Array_1 to print syscall # print Array_1 la $a0, myBaseHolder1 # load address of myBaseHolder1 lw $a0, 0($a0) # load array address from myBaseHolder1 la $a1, myArrayLen1 # load address of myArrayLen1 lw $a1, 0($a1) # load length form myArrayLen1 jal read_double_array # jump to read_double_array subprog li $v0, 4 # call code for print string la $a0, Array_2 # load Array_2 to print syscall # print Array_2 la $a0, myBaseHolder2 # load address of myBaseHolder2 lw $a0, 0($a0) # load array address from myBaseHolder2 la $a1, myArrayLen2 # load address of myArrayLen2 lw $a1, 0($a1) # load length form myArrayLen2 jal read_double_array # jump to read_double_array subprog li $v0, 4 # call code for print string la $a0, Print_a1 # load Print_a1 for print syscall # print Print_a1 la $a0, myBaseHolder1 # load address of myBaseHolder1 lw $a0, 0($a0) # load array address from myBaseHolder1 la $a1, myArrayLen1 # load address of myArrayLen1 lw $a1, 0($a1) # load length form myArrayLen1 jal print_double_array # jump to print_double_array subprog

li $v0, 4 # call code for print string la $a0, Print_a2 # load Print_a2 for print syscall # print Print_a2 la $a0, myBaseHolder2 # load address of myBaseHolder2 lw $a0, 0($a0) # load array address from myBaseHolder2 la $a1, myArrayLen2 # load address of myArrayLen2 lw $a1, 0($a1) # load length form myArrayLen2 jal print_double_array # jump to print_double_array subprog la $a0, myBaseHolder1 # load address of myBaseHolder1 lw $a0, 0($a0) # load array address from myBaseHolder1 la $a1, myArrayLen1 # load address of myArrayLen1 lw $a1, 0($a1) # load length form myArrayLen1 la $a2, myBaseHolder2 # load address of myBaseHolder2 lw $a2, 0($a2) # load array address from myBaseHolder2 la $a3, myArrayLen2 # load address of myArrayLen2 lw $a3, 0($a3) # load length form myArrayLen2 jal inner_product # jump to inner_product subprog

li $v0, 4 # system call code for print string la $a0, Print_inner # load Print_inner for printing syscall # print Print_inner

move $f12, $f0 # move $f12 to $f0 li $v0, 3 # call code for print double syscall # print inner product

li $v0, 10 # call code for exit syscall # Halt #########################################

######################################### # Subprogram Description #  Ask the user for an array length, dynamically alocate #   an array of doubles with the given length

######################################### # Arguments In and Out of subprogram # # $a0 # $a1 # $a2 # $a3 # $v0  Base address # $v1  Array length (number of elements) # $sp # $sp+4 # $sp+8 # $sp+12 ######################################### # Register Usage # $t0 # $t1 # $t2 # $t3 # $t4 # $t5 # $t6 # $t7 # $t8 # $t9 ######################################### .data Prompt_length: .asciiz "Enter length: "

# DO NOT put the words for the base addresses and lengths #  in this data section (main uses them, so put them with #  main)

######################################### .text make_double_array: # Ask user for an array length # Allocate an array of doubles with the given length li $v0, 4 # call code for print string la $a0, Prompt_length # load Prompt_length syscall # print 'enter length' li $v0, 5 # call code for read int syscall # read length move $v1, $v0 # Move length to $v1 for return sll $a0, $v0, 3 # $a0 = $v0 * 2^3 li $v0, 9 # call code for allocate memory syscall # allocate memory for array jr $ra #########################################

######################################### # Subprogram Description #  Reads doubles into an array until the array is full

######################################### # Arguments In and Out of subprogram # # $a0  Base address (IN) # $a1  Array length (IN) # $a2 # $a3 # $v0 # $v1 # $sp # $sp+4 # $sp+8 # $sp+12 ######################################### # Register Usage # $t0 # $t1 # $t2 # $t3 # $t4 # $t5 # $t6 # $t7 # $t8 # $t9 ######################################### .data Prompt_value: .asciiz "Enter value: "

######################################### .text read_double_array: # Read doubles from the console, store them in #  the array until the array is full move $t0, $a0 # move $a0 to $t0 move $t1, $a1 # move $a1 to $t1 read_loop: blez $t1, read_end # end when $t1 <= 0 li $v0, 4 # call code for print string la $a0, Prompt_value # load Prompt_value to print syscall # print Prompt_value li $v0, 7 # call code for read double syscall # read double s.d $f0, 0($t0) # store value to array addiu $t0, $t0, 8 # increment address to next index addiu $t1, $t1, -1 # decrement index b read_loop: # move to top of loop read_end: jr $ra #########################################

######################################### # Subprogram Description #  Prints doubles from an array, separated by spaces

######################################### # Arguments In and Out of subprogram # # $a0  Base address (IN) # $a1  Array length (IN) # $a2 # $a3 # $v0 # $v1 # $sp # $sp+4 # $sp+8 # $sp+12 ######################################### # Register Usage # $t0 # $t1 # $t2 # $t3 # $t4 # $t5 # $t6 # $t7 # $t8 # $t9 ######################################### .data Space: .asciiz " " ######################################### .text print_double_array: # Prints doubles from an array, separated by spaces move $t0, $a0 # move $a0 to $t0 move $t1, $a1 # move $a1 to $t1 read_loop: blez $t1, read_end # end when $t1 <= 0 l.d $f12, 0($t0) # load value to print li $v0, 3 # call code for print double syscall # print value li $v0, 4 # call code for print string la $a0, Space # load Space to print syscall # print Space addiu $t0, $t0, 8 # increment address to next index addiu $t1, $t1, -1 # decrement index b read_loop: # move to top of loop read_end: jr $ra #########################################

######################################### # Subprogram Description #  Calculates the inner product of two arrays or #   prints an error and returns 0.0 if they are not #   the same length # #  The inner product is the sum of the products of #   corresponding elements in two vectors #   A[0]*B[0] + A[1]*B[1] + ... + A[n]*B[n] # #  Example: #   inner_product([1, 3, -5], [4, -2, -1]) = 3 # #  The inner product is only defined for two vectors #   of the same length # #  'Inner product' is sometimes called 'dot product' #   or 'scalar product' # #  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot_product #

######################################### # Arguments In and Out of subprogram # # $a0  Base address of A (IN) # $a1  Array length of A (IN) # $a2  Base address of B (IN) # $a3  Array length of B (IN) # $v0 # $v1 #   $f0|$f1  Inner product (OUT) # $sp # $sp+4 # $sp+8 # $sp+12 ######################################### # Register Usage # $t0 # $t1 # $t2 # $t3 # $t4 # $t5 # $t6 # $t7 # $t8 # $t9 ######################################### .data

######################################### # Program Description #  CS315 Lab 6 -  Floating-point # #  Ask the user for an array length #  Create a dynamic array of double-precision #   floating-point values of the given length #  Call read_double_array to fill the array #  Call print_double_array to print the array contents #  Call get_sum_avg to get the sum and average #  Print the sum and average #

######################################### # Register Usage # $t0 # $t1 # $t2 # $t3 # $t4 # $t5 # $t6 # $t7 # $t8 # $t9 ######################################### .data Prompt_length: .asciiz "Enter length: " Error_length: .asciiz "Invalid length." Average_array: .asciiz "Average: " Sum_array: .asciiz "Sum: "

arrayAddres: .word 0 # address of array arrayLength: .word 0 # length of array ######################################### .text main: li $v0, 4 # call code for print string la $a0, Prompt_length # load Prompt_length message syscall # print Prompt_length message li $v0, 5 # call code for read int syscall # read int

checkLength: bgtz $v0, contProg # continue program if length > 0 li $v0, 4 # call code for print string la $a0, Error_length # load Error_length message syscall # print Error_length message b main: contProg: la $a0, arrayLength # load address of arrayLength sw #v0, 0($a0) # store the array length mul $a0, $v0, 8 # multiply the length by 2 words li $v0, 9 # call code for allocating memory syscall # allocate array memory la $a0, arrayAddress # load address of arrayAddress sw $v0, 0($a0) # save address to arrayAddress la $a0, arrayAddress # load address of arrayAddress lw $a0, 0($a0) # load base address la $a1, arrayLength # load address of arrayLength lw $a1, 0($a1) # read length jal read_double_array # jump to read_double_array subprogram la $a0, arrayAddress # load address of arrayAddress lw $a0, 0($a0) # load base address la $a1, arrayLength # load address of arrayLength lw $a1, 0($a1) # read length jal print_double_array # jump to print_double_array subprogram la $a0, arrayAddress # load address of arrayAddress lw $a0, 0($a0) # load base address la $a1, arrayLength # load address of arrayLength lw $a1, 0($a1) # read length jal get_sum_avg # jump to get_sum_avg subprogram li $v0, 4 # call code for print string la $a0, sum_p # load Sum_array syscall # print Sum_array li $v0, 3 # call code for print double mov.d $f12, $f0 # move sum for print syscall # print sum li $v0, 4 # call code for print string la $a0, Average_array # load Average_array syscall # print Average_array li $v0, 3 # call code for print double mov.d $f12, 0($a0) # move sum for print syscall # print sum

li $v0, 10 # call code for quit syscall # Halt #########################################

######################################### # Subprogram Description #  Prints an array of words

######################################### # Arguments In and Out of subprogram # # $a0  Base address (IN) # $a1  Array length (IN) # $a2 # $a3 # $v0 # $v1 # $sp # $sp+4 # $sp+8 # $sp+12 ######################################### # Register Usage # $t0 # $t1 # $t2 # $t3 # $t4 # $t5 # $t6 # $t7 # $t8 # $t9 ######################################### .data Print_array: .asciiz "Array: " Space: .asciiz " " ######################################### .text print_double_array: # Print doubles from the array, separated by a space move $t0, $a0 # move array address to $t0 move $t1, $a1 # move array address to $t1 li $v0, 4 # call code for print string la $a0, Print_array # load Print_array syscall # print Print_array print_loop: blez $t1, end_print # branch to end when last index is passed l.d $f12, 0($t0) # load value to print li $v0, 3 # call code for print double syscall # read double input li $v0, 4 # call code for print string la $a0, Space # load Space syscall # print Space addiu $t0, $t0, 8 # increment to next double address addiu $t1, $t1, -1 # decrement index by 1 b print_loop # branch to top of loop end_print: jr $ra # jump back to main program #########################################

######################################### # Subprogram Description #  Reads words into an array

######################################### # Arguments In and Out of subprogram # # $a0  Base address (IN) # $a1  Array length (IN) # $a2 # $a3 # $v0 # $v1 # $sp # $sp+4 # $sp+8 # $sp+12 ######################################### # Register Usage # $t0 - address # $t1 - length # $t2 # $t3 # $t4 # $t5 # $t6 # $t7 # $t8 # $t9 # # $f0 - array element # $f1 - array element ######################################### .data Prompt_value .asciiz "Enter double: " ######################################### .text read_double_array: # Read doubles from the console, store them in #  the array until the array is full move $t0, $a0 # move array address to $t0 move $t1, $a1 # move array address to $t1 loop: blez $t1, end_read # branch to end when last index is passed li $v0, 4 # call code for print string la $a0, Prompt_value # load Prompt_value syscall # print Prompt_value li $v0, 7 # call code for read double syscall # read double input s.d $f0, 0($t0) # Store double addiu $t0, $t0, 8 # increment to next double address addiu $t1, $t1, -1 # decrement index by 1 b loop # branch to top of loop end_read: jr $ra # jump back to main program #########################################

######################################### # Subprogram Description #  Calculate sum and average of array

######################################### # Arguments In and Out of subprogram # # $a0  Base address (IN) # $a1  Array length (IN) # $a2 # $a3 # $v0 # $v1 #   $f0|$f1  Sum (OUT) #   $f2|$f3  Average (OUT) # $sp # $sp+4 # $sp+8 # $sp+12 ######################################### # Register Usage # $t0 # $t1 # $t2 # $t3 # $t4 # $t5 # $t6 # $t7 # $t8 # $t9 ######################################### .data

######################################### .text get_sum_avg: # Calculate and return the sum and average of #  all elements in the array move $t0, $a0 # move array address to $t0 move $t1, $a1 # move array address to $t1 li.d $f0, 0.0 # initialize sum to 0 li.d $f2, 0.0 # initialize average to 0 mtc1 $t1, $f6 # move length to coprocessor 1 cvt.d.w $f6, $f6 # convert int length to double sum_avg_loop: blez $t1, esum_avg_end # branch to end when last index is passed l.d $f4, 0($t0) # load element and index $t1 add.d $f0, $f0, $f4 # add loaded value to sum addiu $t0, $t0, 8 # increment to next double address addiu $t1, $t1, -1 # decrement index by 1 b sum_avg_loop # branch to top of loop sum_avg_end: iv.d $f2, $f0, $f6 # divide sum by length to get the avg