Sep 4, 2023
The Battle of Milvian Bridge, Victory of Constantine over Maxentius by Nicolas Tournier
Oil on canvas, Musee des Augustins, Toulouse, France
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The Battle of Milvian Bridge, Victory of Constantine over Maxentius by Nicolas Tournier
Oil on canvas, Musee des Augustins, Toulouse, France
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2月27日知名壽星：『The Great（#Μέγας）』君士坦丁大帝（#Constantine the Great / Constantinus I Magnus / Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantine：272－337；在位：306－337） . 身為第一位受洗成「#基督徒」的羅馬皇帝，亦堪稱是羅馬帝國千年歷史上，功績顯赫的偉大君主之一，出生在昔日羅馬帝國內索斯（#Naissus，今東歐塞爾維亞尼什）的君士坦丁大帝，對內終結了傳統的四帝共治，完成實質統一，對外則順利開疆拓宇、版圖勢力遠達三大洲，但早年的他，和先祖輩一樣，都是敬虔的羅馬多神祇信仰擁護者，也曾經下令迫害過基督徒... . 然當年南征北討，面對王位頭號勁敵，把關羅馬城的馬克森提屋斯時，據傳君士坦丁得到了上帝親自的幫助與引領，藉著十字架的神聖標記，在關鍵的『米爾維安大橋戰役』（Battle of the #Milvian Bridge；西元312年）裡，不只奇蹟似地以小擊大，更一舉贏得了進軍羅馬的門票；為了感謝，同時也體會到基督宗教已經無法像過往般用迫害手段就得以減弱羅馬人民追求福音的渴望，因此隔年，西元313年，他頒佈了劃時代的『米蘭敕令』，一掃三個世紀以來對基督宗教的無情踐踏與羞辱，正式承認基督宗教自由且合法，並且讓其由原本遭禁之地下宗教型態，躍升轉為和帝國政權共同平起平坐之主流宗教，更將過去遭到沒收的基督教教會財產，無條件全數歸還給會眾… . 『With Free minds all are to worship their Gods.』 . 而他也規定星期日為禮拜日，同時開始興建包含『伯利恆聖誕教堂』（#Church of the Nativity）在內的官方欽定版教堂。 . 即使因為對洗禮的認知不同，再加上政治正確等非信仰因素的干擾，君士坦丁大帝直到臨終前才選擇受洗皈依，但基督宗教史上第一次的全球型主教性會議：『尼西亞大公會議』（First Council of #Nicaea），可正是於西元325年時，在君士坦丁大帝任內所親自召開的…在這場集合各教派意見領見領袖的高峰會議裡，大家討論並制訂了許多現今基督宗教各派系裡所承認的正統神學論述脈絡，與正確的史籍經典，可以說呢，是決定了整個教會日後的走向與發展根據… . 因此很多歷史學家都認定，如果沒有君士坦丁大帝的扶持，使上帝的福音，由少數人的信仰轉變成為當時帝國官方所認同，並且具支配地位之法定宗教的話，歐洲的宗教史，乃至於是整個西方政經文化史，恐怕將會被完全改寫！所以君士坦丁大帝也經常被視為是歐洲歷史上關鍵的主要角色之一！ . 此外，推崇基督福音，但在特殊的帝國時空背景下仍尊重其他多神教派信仰的他，在其任內重新修建和擴張了古都『拜占庭』（#Byzantium，今土耳其伊斯坦堡）的城邦規模，更立法將其定為帝國的新都，並以命名『第二羅馬』（Secunda #Roma）的方式，讓這裡成為當時世界上最繁榮也最具影響力的國際級大城市，甚至變成西方文明史上永垂不朽的『偉大之城 / 帝王之城』喔！ . 值得一提的是，發行流通於西元二十世紀中葉的舊希臘德拉克馬貨幣，當中百元紙鈔的肖像人物，正是君士坦丁大帝。 #emperor #king #empire #leadership #catholic #christian #bible #easter #history #birthday #europe #italy #man #february #proud #photography https://www.instagram.com/p/B9CqgPen7BJ/?igshid=1j5yzoyzqcown
The Death of Saint Valentine at Milvian Bridge
The most popular martyrology associated with Saint Valentine was that he was imprisoned for performing weddings for soldiers who were forbidden to marry and for ministering to Christians, who were persecuted under the Roman Empire. During his imprisonment, he is said to have healed the daughter of his jailer Asterius. Legend states that before his execution he wrote "from your Valentine" as a farewell to her.
He reportedly died on February 14th (year uncertain) on the Via Flaminia near the Milvian Bridge (aka Ponte Milvio) which spans the Tiber River in northern Rome, Italy. According to the official biography of the Diocese of Terni, the year of his death is 273 AD.
The feast of St. Valentine of February 14th was first established in 496 AD by Pope Gelasius I, who included Valentine among all those "whose names are justly reverenced among men, but whose acts are known only to God". As Gelasius implies, nothing was yet known to him about Valentine's life.
On another note, there was a big, important battle fought at the bridge in 312 by the Emperor Constantine and you can read about it here.
The locks of the Milvian Bridge in Italy.
Located north of Rome, is one of the most important bridges crossing the Tiber. But what makes this site one of the most popular attractions in the region is that, over the bridge, we can find hundreds of thousands of padlocks.
This fact is linked to the ancient idea of love and lovers: by locking the padlock and throw the key into the river, the lovers would become forever linked. This habit also exists in several other regions of Europe.
In July 2007, after breaking a pole, caused by the excessive weight of the huge amount of locks, the city of Rome pillars installed near each of the light poles, which are hung on chains where the locks can be hung, thereby preserving the integrity of the site.
At another point in a similar tradition, the Ponte Vecchio in Florence, thanks to this tradition and tourism rampant, thousands of locks had to be removed frequently, spoiling the structure of the bridge. Because of this, the council stipulated a fine of 50 euros for those caught in the act, putting padlocks on site.
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