Langkofel I 2010. from the Series Stille Berge © Michael Schnabel

Furka 2003. from the Series Stille Berge

Sidelhorn 2003. from the Series Stille Berge

The Abhidharma and the Yogācāra school understand consciousness as a dynamic process unfolding within the Mind-ground (tathāgatagarbha) according to a causal model described by the twelve links of dependent origination (pratītyasamutpāda). The Chan school (precursor of Zen) absorbed these strains and integrated them into a contemplative practice that is aimed at “realizing how Mind works.” The Chan/Zen tradition also emphasizes that conceptual models of any kind, linguistic or mathematical, while providing useful signposts to guide the practice towards realization, may ultimately not be necessary and sometimes even obstruct it. As we formulate models of consciousness in the 21st century, these ancient studies are both informative and cautionary. If realization truly “does not depend on words and letters”, as the Chan/Zen tradition asserts, how do we develop models of consciousness that are useful without neglecting context and limitations? I will discuss some key features of Buddhist models and how they bear on current developments in this field. I will then look towards how these aspects might inform assumptions on conscious agency, time, and our attitude towards model-building itself.

* Note: Michael Schnabel’s series was selected as a Finalist for the LensCulture Art Photography Awards 2019.

* Note: Michael Schnabel’s series was selected as a Finalist for the LensCulture Art Photography Awards 2019.

* Note: Michael Schnabel’s series was selected as a Finalist for the LensCulture Art Photography Awards 2019.

Michael Schnabel Sidelhorn, From the series "Stille Berge" 2003