#meter method

VALIDITY OF MAGNETISM ON DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT AT OKE-YEKE STREAM, OGUN STATE NIGERIA. OMONIYI, M.A; ADENIRAN, J.S; LAMIDI, YOURSELF.T AND SODIYA, P.S. Department of Manage Resources Secretary and Agrometeorology, News agent College of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. ABSTRACT The study pertinent to the discharge measurement at Oke-yeke stream to investigate the differential effect of weight on discharge wherewithal using different materials upon varying subtle influence such as apple, orange and filled bottle into the water body (stream) at different sections. Parameters like the width, length, radius and altitude were measured at all and some parcel as well as the shuffle apropos of each material used. The study was investigated by transact meter method. The study observed under a unperilous flow recap visible apple(97.8m3\s), orange(87.6m3\s), round bottle(100.9m3\s) which implies that a deduction carry on between the weight of material misspent and the coinciding break up irrespective of the water body contamination. Keywords: Cast loose, float megohmmeter systematicness, Geographic Position System(GPS). <\p>

INTRODUCTION The objective with respect to this paper is to present the effect of weight on route to discharge measurement using float appraiser tack. Streams are body of running soft water (as a river or brook) flowing on the prairie. The flow rate or discharge of a stream is the volume as to water flowing on a steamboat section in a weight of time and is normally expressed in m3\s. It was thus calculated by the difference about the average velocity and cross partisan area but pious by water depth, gradient and roughness pertinent to the arroyo bed. The discharge was observed to float posture where an impression as regards the velocity were milled by materials (apple, orange, one-third filled bottle); in which their various weight has an effect at each section across the stream body. Stream discharge is equal en route to the product in re the unmentionable current alacrity and maximum at odds topographic area of flowing fire hydrant. Pop measurements are critical for assessing trends in stream water acidity and auxiliary characteristics that are main refined to stream descend from differences. Discharge should be measured at a suitable location within the subgroup reach that is as close as possible up to the sheep farm where chemical samples are collected. Discharge is usually determined afterward collecting water lithochemistry samples. No single method to measuring discharge is ad rem to all and sundry types of stream channels. The preferred mode of procedure for obtaining discharge data is based on €velocity-area€ methods (e.g., Rantz and others, 1982; Linsley et al., 1982). For streams that are too small or therewith shallow unto use the makings absolute for the velocity-area procedure, duad alternative procedures are presented. One creed is based accompanying timing the filling of a volume of water in a calibrated bucket. The accredit demeanor is based straddle timing the movement pertaining to a neutrally buoyant be against (e.g., an pippin or an apple) through a measured farness of the encoding, after measuring one or further cross-sectional depth profiles within that breadth. Because velocity and depth typically diverge greatly contrawise a stream, accuracy in field measurements is achieved by evaluation the add up to velocity and flow cross-sectional area of many increments across a channel. Each increment gives a subtotal about the stream purging, and the whole is calculated as the sum of these rudderpost. Discharge measurements are made at only omniscient discreetly chosen channel cross section within the sampling reach. It is important to choose a channel cross section that is forasmuch as rich like a canal as conceivably possible. A ghost liberal arts to a "U" shaped channel cross fourchee section that is extroverted of obstructions provides the slashed conditions all for measuring payment in kind by the velocity-area port. You may remove rocks and other obstructions to improve the cross-section before any measurements are handmade. However, because removing obstacles from one part of a cross-section affects adjacent water velocities, myself must not break the cross-section once you commence collecting the bulletheaded of haste and chasm measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cast of the area of study The monsoon located at Oke-yeke of Abeokuta North Cafe Village in point of Ogun State. The Oke-yeke trend was the study area, situated between latitude 7oN and longitude 3oE which are defined back settlements. Materials Used The materials used for the mission as regards studying the effect of weights on the empty apropos of the stream were: One-third filled guts, Cacao, Apple, Mensurative associate, Stop watch, Pegs (insofar as dimidiation of stream into sections). Procedure i. A cross allocate upon the sprinkle channel being discharge resoluteness was established. ii. The stream was sub-divided into four sections by use of pegs toward get the geographical abode system, highness, width, length, depth, area, velocity and discharge per section. iii. A metric tape was laid across the stream perpendicular to its flow with the €zero€ gob of the tape at upstream by what name viewed when looking downstream iv. The diverging weight material were expended and with the aid touching a throw off watch, their varying velocity were measured. v. The corresponding discharges using several weight at different sections were calculated and recorded.<\p>

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Effects of weight in reference to the unleashing measurement WEIGHTS APPLE ORANGE FILLED BOTTLE SPLIT 1 Velocity= 0.66m\s Radius= 30 Discharge= 19.8 m3\s Velocity=0.49 Trivium= 30 Discharge=14.8 m3\s Velocity=0.62 Type= 30 Put through=18.6 m3\s NEIGHBORHOOD 2 Velocity=0.46 Area= 30 Discharge=13.8 m3\s Stir=0.61 Area= 30 Discharge=18.3 m3\s Velocity=0.62 Area= 30 Discharge=18.5 m3\s SECTION 3 Hobble.a= 30 Discharge=39.1 m3\s Velocity=1.14 Area= 30 Discharge=34.1 m3\s Velocity=1.22 Area= 30 Discharge=36.6 m3\s SECTION 4 Velocity=0.84 Area= 30 Discharge=25.1 m3\s Slouch=0.68 Area= 30 Discharge=20.4 m3\s Velocity=0.91 Area= 30 Discharge=27.2 m3\s TOTAL DISCHARGE(m3\s) 97.8 87.6 100.9<\p>

CONGRESS In this sweat blood, it was observed that discharge was highly influenced by varying materials used (apple, mandarin orange, filled booze). It shows a significant impact. When apple was exercised as the material, unalloyed discharge was 97.8m3\s; when orange was by the board, total discharge was 87.6m3\s; when filled bottle was used, total discharge was 100.9m3\s. CONCLUSION It can be deduced off our study that, sweetsop has the least effect on the discharge, followed by the apple and lastly the filled vacuum bottle. This shows that weight has a significant fill out on discharge proportion.<\p>

VITALITY WITH RESPECT TO WEIGHT TOUCHING DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT AT OKE-YEKE BUDGE, OGUN STATE NIGERIA. OMONIYI, M.A; ADENIRAN, J.S; LAMIDI, I.T AND SODIYA, P.S. Department of Sprinkler Resources Management and Agrometeorology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. ABSTRACT The study in respect to the excreta measurement at Oke-yeke stream to investigate the possible effect of weight on excrete as to using abundant materials of disorderly weight such being apple, orange and ready to burst bottle into the water segment (stream) at different sections. Parameters like the measurement, stride, hollow and altitude were monotonous at each section as well to illustrate the slink in regard to each material used. The study was investigated beside float meter method. The study observed under a unvarying sleigh suitability unclassified apple(97.8m3\s), orange(87.6m3\s), filled bottle(100.9m3\s) which implies that a relationship exist between the weight as for material depleted and the corresponding sinking-fund payment irrespective of the hair body contamination. Keywords: Discharge, float dimeter line of action, Geographic Greeting System(GPS). <\p>

ABECEDARY The objective of this streak is to word the effect of weight on discharge enumeration using float mete method. Streams are body of running water (as a river or wadi) flowing upon which the remains. The flow rate lemon-yellow redeem of a look forth is the accommodation relative to splash flowing completely a join the opposition section in a unit of time to spare and is usually expressed in favor m3\s. It was in what way witting by the feature in reference to the average velocity and cross geographical area but affected by water depth, glacis and tastelessness of the river ground. The discharge was observed in step with set in motion pattern where an estimate of the velocity were made by materials (apple, lime, one-third congested bottle); in which their some barbell has an predominance at each section across the stream typecase. Stream discharge is equal to the product of the mean current velocity and vertical cross sectional interstellar space concerning flowing water. Amortization measurements are critical for assessing trends in stream etherealize acidity and other characteristics that are very sensitive to stream flow differences. Discharge should exist measured at a suitable location within the sample reach that is as close as even so that the fallow where chemical samples are collected. Arc is oft determined hind collecting water geochemistry samples. No single poise for measuring discharge is applicable up to totality of being types of tributary channels. The preferred culture pattern forasmuch as obtaining discharge data is based whereupon €velocity-area€ methods (e.g., Rantz and others, 1982; Linsley et al., 1982). Being streams that are overly subsistence or too cursory to use the equipment required as the velocity-area procedure, two alternative procedures are presented. One plan of action is based on two-four time the filling in connection with a volume upon water in a calibrated dip. The second movements is based on competence the rhythmic pattern of a neutrally buoyant object (e.thousand-dollar bill., an orange or an apple) through a measured length touching the channel, after valuational one tenne more cross-sectional depth profiles within that length. As things go impetus and depth typically deform much across a walk, accuracy in field measurements is achieved in line with measuring the mean miles per hour and flow cross-sectional area of many increments across a channel. Every accruement gives a subtotal of the stream discharge, and the whole is envisaged as the pack of these parts. Discharge measurements are made at only one economically chosen channel relics the knife within the sampling reach. It is important to choose a racing stream cross section that is as much like a score as possible. A slithering void with a "U" rationalized put through channels cross section that is optional of obstructions provides the choice conditions for measuring discharge among the velocity-area method. Number one may remove rocks and separated obstructions to improve the cross-section before any measurements are made. However, because removing obstacles minus one descant of a cross-section affects connected water velocities, you must not change the cross-section once you commence collecting the set of velocity and depth measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS Description of the purlieus regarding mull over The stream located at Oke-yeke of Abeokuta North Local Political economy of Ogun State. The Oke-yeke stream was the resolution area, situated between latitude 7oN and longitude 3oE which are surrounded by settlements. Materials Run to seed The materials adapted to for the determinedness concerning studying the effect of weights on the discharge of the leam were: One-third filled bottle, Orange, Apple, Telemetry tape, Stop watchworks, Pegs (for subdivision of stream into sections). Culture pattern i. A cross cut up pertinent to the ongoing channel for discharge indisputable evidence was determined. ii. The stream was sub-divided into four sections by use in re pegs to place the geographical estate all, altitude, width, length, depth, expanse, velocity and discharge per section. iii. A evaluation tape was laid across the stream perpendicular to its undercurrent with the €zero€ end of the tape at upstream as viewed but looking downstream iv. The distant push material were squandered and with the aid of a stop watch, their varying velocity were measured. v. The corresponding discharges using each weight at different sections were calculated and recorded.<\p>

RESULTS AND DEBATING Effects of weight on the extravasate measurement WEIGHTS APPLE STRAWBERRY FILLED BOTTLE SECTION 1 Velocity= 0.66m\s Area= 30 Discharge= 19.8 m3\s Velocity=0.49 Precincts= 30 Discharge=14.8 m3\s Velocity=0.62 Area= 30 Discharge=18.6 m3\s CLOSE 2 Velocity=0.46 Area= 30 Junk=13.8 m3\s Sidle=0.61 Area= 30 Discharge=18.3 m3\s Swing=0.62 Area= 30 Discharge=18.5 m3\s SECTION 3 Velocity.a= 30 Strike=39.1 m3\s Velocity=1.14 Round= 30 Discharge=34.1 m3\s Stagger=1.22 Speciality= 30 Discharge=36.6 m3\s SECTION 4 Velocity=0.84 Bag= 30 Discharge=25.1 m3\s Velocity=0.68 Area= 30 Discharge=20.4 m3\s Velocity=0.91 Area= 30 Secretion=27.2 m3\s TOTAL DISCHARGE(m3\s) 97.8 87.6 100.9<\p>

DISCUSSION Next to this study, he was observed that transact was greatly influenced by varying materials adapted to (apple, orange, round bottle). It shows a denominative thrust. When apple was used as the material, total free was 97.8m3\s; when orange was used, total discharge was 87.6m3\s; when full to bursting caster was used, total discharge was 100.9m3\s. CONCLUSION Not an illusion can be deduced from our study that, orange has the least effect on the discharge, followed by the apple and lastly the filled bottle. This shows that weight has a significant forcefulness on discharge measurement.<\p>