#mass2113_10

Course Code: Mass2113\20

ID: 123473

TedTalks 3 title: The reasons leading volcanoes eruption

 Did you ever see a burned mountain in your life? Or did you hear a shatter sound comes from above despite the clarity of the weather? Or even more, did you see a land covered of fire? If your answers are ‘no’ then you are lucky because we are talking about one of the most dangerous natural phenomena in nature which is ‘volcano’. Volcanos are existed since the first centuries and they are known as a crack in the earth's crust from which the lava flows.

There are more than 500 volcanos around the world, and with different names for each one of them. The nature of a volcano is that when it explodes, gas and rocks fall from it all over the affected area, but due to all of the three factors: lithostatic pressure, magma pushes and the rock strength of the earth’s crust that play the role in keeping the resulting magma under the earth's surface.

In Mexico they have something called ‘Paricutin’, but it is not a name of a region or medicine instead it is a volcano name, which has been there for more than nine years. Magma is the most important components that shape this volcano and other volcanos. It is also good to be known is that the perfect place for the magma is “in a places where the ocean water capable to fall over to earth’s mantle, and as a result of this the layer melting point is reduce” Anderson said.

It is worthy to mention that there are many reasons to erupt, Anderson give us the answer to this when he says that “the raise of magma static pressure” is one of the most important reason that leads to volcanos eruption. Despite of the knowledge and advances in technology, it is not too easy to figure all the reasons of volcanoes eruption and that is because of “the bottom and temperature of the magma chambers” Anderson said.

Moreover, there is some other thing which goes into volcanos eruption which is the ‘bubbles’, but do not be fooled of this word because these bubbles play an important role in this phenomenon. Water and sulfur are taken the first shape but then they converted to a bubble of high-pressure gas. This shape led to a strong explosion but in a specific place, since it reaches the surface the explosion happened.

The places or regions which have a volcano must be abandoned, because it is not very safe to live in such places where an eruption cannot be expected. In addition, scientists who are interested in volcanoes phenomena are hoping to discover new machines and tools by the help of technology which will help them to know more about volcanoes, its time to erupt, the places of volcanoes and so many thing which will save the human lives.

Date: Sunday, December 6, 2020

Course Code: MASS2113/20                                                                                                

TEDTalks 5 title: Can Europe succeed in becoming the first neutral continent?

 Europe has set a distinct goal and plan to become the first carbon-neutral continent in the world by the year 2050, and combating climate change has become the greatest responsibility of our time. This means whether Europe is able to lead the entire continent towards a direction of clean energy transformation and a radical change of infrastructure.

In the European Union there are 26 different countries and a total population of 450 million people and each country has capabilities, and all of these countries have become united and there is no so-called division of borders, there is peace and very strong interdependence despite the challenges during the two world wars, so the European Union believes that they are capable To become the first carbon-neutral continent in the world and to overcome the rest of the countries and continents.

Ursula, who is considered the European chief commissioner, said that in the first two weeks, she sent a clear signal, in which the European Green Deal was included, where she said that this deal is our vision for a continent that is climate-neutral, and this deal includes a set of measures up to 2050 and includes afforestation, nature and animal protection and recycling. Waste management and other measures. With the emergence of Coronavirus, it has become a good idea to accelerate this achievement of the goal that has been set.

We all know that the melting of skin rivers and also forest fires are a problem, and most European citizens consider climate change a problem and demand to take action that concerns the future and they certainly have a right to do so, and accordingly an important step has been taken, which is to reduce the rate of 55% of greenhouse gas emissions from September 2020 through 2030.

And the goals he set to solve the problem of climate change between 2030 and 2050 will also lead to solving other problems, and also if the solutions are ignored, other problems will occur that were not expected to happen, although many are concerned about this vision, Ursula von der Leyen reassures them by saying : "These concerns are legitimate, but we know we have the technology, and we now have the resources to keep up with this change and make just that transition." In addition, a third of the recovery funds, called the "next generation of the European Union," as well as the long-term EU budget, will all go to climate projects and other climate goals if properly implemented. This budget is approximately 600 billion euros.

In the end, solving the problem of climate change is very important and needs the cooperation of a large group of political figures, citizens, cities, partnerships and countries in all parts, and work in the long term, and also the European Union is open to cooperation with any party or person who wishes to achieve the goal and make climate change because Tackling climate change requires the efforts of all people, countries, companies and others.

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ID: 127966

Date: Sunday, November 29, 2020

Catch line: The evolution of women sports

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Women and Sports the relationship

Sport is a form of competition. It aims primarily to improve physical ability and physical skills. Moreover, sport isn't just about men. Women can play sports.

Nowadays, we can see the number of female participation and popularity in sports increased dramatically, especially in the last quarter-century. This increase is a result of reflecting changes in modern societies that emphasize gender parity. Although the level of participation and success still varies significantly by country and by sport. Women's sports are widely recognized throughout the world.

In the 19th century, women's sport had begun. However, White Americans did not allow elite women to exercise in sports because they think sport is a threat to female fertility. So, only their maids can play sports. Instead, colleges and clubs enabled elite women to play certain sports such as horseback riding, archery, golf, tennis, skiing, and skating.

Historians have not admitted early college sports for women because the competition was in college between female students, not between the institutions.  The contests were including intramural and sorority matches. Besides, women competed in sports and activities against students and teams from their schools.        

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Unfortunately, many women who play sports face many obstacles. For instance, women's athletes were required to play in an organization catered for only women's sports. Moreover, the lower salaries, fewer media coverage, and many injuries. Despite all these challenges today, we can see many successful athletic women.

A famous tennis player, Serena Williams, said that "We're living in a world and society, where people are starting to see differently and starting to understand. That we are just as strong and just as smart and just as savvy and just as businesslike as any other male in this world,"

At present many women play a sport, not just athletic women due to, the several advantages of practicing sport. There are sociological and physiological benefits of playing sports. Sport can increase confidence.

On another side we have sport physiological benefits, for example, sport can give the women and the girls who play sports a Strong body which can fight illnesses. Thus, during these days, we can see sport culture spread in our society.

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ID: 127296

Date: Sunday, December6, 2020

Course Code: Mass2113/10

Solve the problem of plastic pollution

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   Humans produce 300 million tons of new plastic every year. However, despite humans' best efforts, less than 10% of the resources were ultimately recycled. Is there a better way to deal with all this waste?

Morgan Bay presented her research with microbiologist Jamie Lee on bacteria that have developed unexpected abilities to eat plastic and how they can help us solve the growing problem of plastic pollution. Despite our best efforts, only 9% of the plastic we use is recyclable. So how did we end up causing so much plastic waste. Well, it's simple, plastic is cheap, light and adaptive, and it's available everywhere.

Morgan's research shows that certain measures can be taken to help us solve the problem of plastic pollution. You talked about bacteria. Bacteria are microscopic, visible to the naked eye, living in a variety of extreme environments, everywhere. From the human gut to the soil, to the skin to the sea floor vents, the temperature reaches 700 degrees Fahrenheit. Bacteria are ubiquitous in various harsh environments. Therefore, they must be creative with their food sources.

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Morgan wants to feed the bacteria polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene plastic. It is used in the packaging of various foods and beverages and the most famous example of this is the plastic water bottle that we humans currently go through at a rate of one million per minute. So, what I want to do is put the bacteria into a compulsive diet of tea, plasticine, tea, and sayings, if any, they can survive or hope to thrive. So how do these bacteria do? It is as if we humans digest carbon or food, convert it into sugar, and then use it for energy. Morgan said: “My bacteria have discovered how to perform this digestion”.

Two strong and durable PE plastic. Now, my bacteria use a special form of the enzyme, which is a simple compound found in all living things. There are many different types of enzymes, but they basically allow the process to continue, such as digesting food and converting it into energy. Now, my bacterium has a special enzyme called lipase, which can combine with large, strong, long-lasting pasta and break it into small pieces of sugar, which the bacteria can use as energy. So, essentially, plastic has changed from a strong, persistent pollutant to a delicious bacterial meal.

In the end, Morgan explain point about bacteria which is Naturally occurring bacteria can simply adapt to their plastic-polluted environment and have an amazing development in their ability to ingest polyethylene plastic. So, the bacterial process feeds on plastic. This is a natural process, but it is a very slow process, and there is still a lot of work to be done to figure out how to speed up this process at an appropriate speed. My research is currently looking for a way to achieve this through a series of UVA or UVB pre-treatments, which means we spray polyethylene plastic with sunlight.

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Date: November 15, 2020

Words: 350

 We live in an era that is almost supersonic, where it is difficult to handle and keep up with the speed of his discoveries and his development, so why not have a super-fast car transporting us through it?

New speed record for cars

In 2020, the Tuatara set the fastest speed in the world in North America. Its speed reached around 331 miles per hour.

During the Philadelphia Auto Show, the Shelby Supercars SSC revealed the Tuatara, which came to compete with other companies for the title of the fastest car in the world, such as Bugatti and Koenigsegg and Hennessy, who show cars with the latest speed technologies.

On the tenth of October, the Tuatara Shelby supercar SSC overtook its competing cars to get the title of the fastest car in the world. It was manufactured in Washington and weighed 1247 kilograms, and the car came equipped with an 8-cylinder V8 engine, which is twin-turbocharged, with a capacity of 5.9 litters, which equals a power of 1750 horsepower, and there is a V-Max engine that is part of Carbon fibre design.

Cars were the beginnings of the world of speed when two men (Panhard and Levasseur) from France decided to run a car race from France to Bordeaux and from Bordeaux to France, where the Panhard and Levasseur used a car containing an engine of their own design, as they travelled 1175 kilometres at a speed of 20 kilometres per hour.

Panhard and Levasseur developed the idea of racing with several journalists to help with advertising and marketing for their new car. After Levassor became the leader in the automobile industry, he realized in 1891 that the vehicle should be in front of the car. Then Levassor drove the car that he built and made by Huh and his racing partner, where he was able to be the first to arrive in the race.

Date: Sunday, November 1, 2020

Words: 350

Smoking Culture

Smoking is one of the habits that spread quickly for 16 century. In many countries of the world, especially in US, a huge number of people smoke for different reasons. People could smoke by cigarette or tobacco.

Practice of smoking has been found in Europe by Spanish who came from America, which is the source of tobacco and smoking. In their culture, they looked at tobacco as something might work as medicine and they considered it as herbs that may cure diseases. They also used tobacco and cigarette as pain killers, cure for cancer and reduce hunger.

These societies adopted smoking dependence culture in their life and social celebrations. In ancient time, people used tobacco as a gift to create social relationships because as they see, the cigarette with tobacco is something sacred. Also, in specific celebration like in puberty ceremonies, they should make sure that the cigarette and tobacco were there.

Cultures differed in the use of tobacco, for example the Indians used it as cure for earache, Iroquois for toothache, Cherokee as pain killer and Guatemala as antiseptic. 'a custom loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, dangerous to the lungs, …' James I describe smoking. Smoking might have benefits especially in old times, but it definitely has bad effects on health.

People around the world are smoking for many reasons. A lot of teenagers think that smoking a cigarette might make them men, also people smoke because curiosity and to experiment. Most of societies see that smoking indicates manhood and that explain the huge number of Men smokers and their adoption to this habit, on the other hand, women have been known to smoke for a while.