#manpage

KILL(1) - General Commands Manual

NAME

kill - terminate or signal a process

SYNOPSIS

kill [-s signal_name] pid … kill -l [exit_status] kill -‌signal_name pid … kill -‌signal_number pid …

DESCRIPTION

The kill utility sends a signal to the processes specified by the pid operands.

Only the super-user may send signals to other users’ processes.

The options are as follows:

-s signal_name

A symbolic signal name specifying the signal to be sent instead of the default TERM.

-l [exit_status]

If no operand is given, list the signal names; otherwise, write the signal name corresponding to exit_status.

-‌signal_name

A symbolic signal name specifying the signal to be sent instead of the default TERM.

-‌signal_number

A non-negative decimal integer, specifying the signal to be sent instead of the default TERM.

The following PIDs have special meanings:

-1

If superuser, broadcast the signal to all processes; otherwise broadcast to all processes belonging to the user.

Some of the more commonly used signals:

1

HUP (hang up)

2

INT (interrupt)

3

QUIT (quit)

6

ABRT (abort)

9

KILL (non-catchable, non-ignorable kill)

14

ALRM (alarm clock)

15

TERM (software termination signal)

Some shells may provide a builtin kill command which is similar or identical to this utility. Consult the builtin(1) manual page.

EXIT STATUS

The kill utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.

EXAMPLES

Terminate the processes with PIDs 142 and 157:

kill 142 157

Send the hangup signal (SIGHUP) to the process with PID 507:

kill -s HUP 507

Terminate the process group with PGID 117:

kill -- -117

SEE ALSO

builtin(1), csh(1), killall(1), ps(1), sh(1), kill(2), sigaction(2)

STANDARDS

The kill utility is expected to be IEEE Std 1003.2 (“POSIX.2”) compatible.

HISTORY

A kill command appeared in Version 3 AT&T UNIX in section 8 of the manual.

BUGS

A replacement for the command “kill 0” for csh(1) users should be provided.

BUILTIN(1) - General Commands Manual

NAME

builtin, !, %, ., :, @, [, {, }, alias, alloc, bg, bind, bindkey, break, breaksw, builtins, case, cd, chdir, command, complete, continue, default, dirs, do, done, echo, echotc, elif, else, end, endif, endsw, esac, eval, exec, exit, export, false, fc, fg, filetest, fi, for, foreach, getopts, glob, goto, hash, hashstat, history, hup, if, jobid, jobs, kill, limit, local, log, login, logout, ls-F, nice, nohup, notify, onintr, popd, printenv, printf, pushd, pwd, read, readonly, rehash, repeat, return, sched, set, setenv, settc, setty, setvar, shift, source, stop, suspend, switch, telltc, test, then, time, times, trap, true, type, ulimit, umask, unalias, uncomplete, unhash, unlimit, unset, unsetenv, until, wait, where, which, while - shell built-in commands

SYNOPSIS

See the built-in command description in the appropriate shell manual page.

DESCRIPTION

Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell’s process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.

If a command specified to the shell contains a slash ‘/’, the shell will not execute a builtin command, even if the last component of the specified command matches the name of a builtin command. Thus, while specifying “echo” causes a builtin command to be executed under shells that support the echo builtin command, specifying “/bin/echo” or “./echo” does not.

While some builtin commands may exist in more than one shell, their operation may be different under each shell which supports them. Below is a table which lists shell builtin commands, the standard shells that support them and whether they exist as standalone utilities.

Only builtin commands for the csh(1) and sh(1) shells are listed here. Consult a shell’s manual page for details on the operation of its builtin commands. Beware that the sh(1) manual page, at least, calls some of these commands “built-in commands” and some of them “reserved words”. Users of other shells may need to consult an info(1) page or other sources of documentation.

Commands marked “No\*\*” under External do exist externally, but are implemented as scripts using a builtin command of the same name.

*Command* *External* csh(1) sh(1) **!** No No Yes **%** No Yes No **.** No No Yes **:** No Yes Yes **@** No Yes Yes **\[** Yes No Yes **{** No No Yes **}** No No Yes **alias** No\*\* Yes Yes **alloc** No Yes No **bg** No\*\* Yes Yes **bind** No No Yes **bindkey** No Yes No **break** No Yes Yes **breaksw** No Yes No **builtin** No No Yes **builtins** No Yes No **case** No Yes Yes **cd** No\*\* Yes Yes **chdir** No Yes Yes **command** No\*\* No Yes **complete** No Yes No **continue** No Yes Yes **default** No Yes No **dirs** No Yes No **do** No No Yes **done** No No Yes **echo** Yes Yes Yes **echotc** No Yes No **elif** No No Yes **else** No Yes Yes **end** No Yes No **endif** No Yes No **endsw** No Yes No **esac** No No Yes **eval** No Yes Yes **exec** No Yes Yes **exit** No Yes Yes **export** No No Yes **false** Yes No Yes **fc** No\*\* No Yes **fg** No\*\* Yes Yes **filetest** No Yes No **fi** No No Yes **for** No No Yes **foreach** No Yes No **getopts** No\*\* No Yes **glob** No Yes No **goto** No Yes No **hash** No\*\* No Yes **hashstat** No Yes No **history** No Yes No **hup** No Yes No **if** No Yes Yes **jobid** No No Yes **jobs** No\*\* Yes Yes **kill** Yes Yes Yes **limit** No Yes No **local** No No Yes **log** No Yes No **login** Yes Yes No **logout** No Yes No **ls-F** No Yes No **nice** Yes Yes No **nohup** Yes Yes No **notify** No Yes No **onintr** No Yes No **popd** No Yes No **printenv** Yes Yes No **printf** Yes No Yes **pushd** No Yes No **pwd** Yes No Yes **read** No\*\* No Yes **readonly** No No Yes **rehash** No Yes No **repeat** No Yes No **return** No No Yes **sched** No Yes No **set** No Yes Yes **setenv** No Yes No **settc** No Yes No **setty** No Yes No **setvar** No No Yes **shift** No Yes Yes **source** No Yes No **stop** No Yes No **suspend** No Yes No **switch** No Yes No **telltc** No Yes No **test** Yes No Yes **then** No No Yes **time** Yes Yes No **times** No No Yes **trap** No No Yes **true** Yes No Yes **type** No\*\* No Yes **ulimit** No\*\* No Yes **umask** No\*\* Yes Yes **unalias** No\*\* Yes Yes **uncomplete** No Yes No **unhash** No Yes No **unlimit** No Yes No **unset** No Yes Yes **unsetenv** No Yes No **until** No No Yes **wait** No\*\* Yes Yes **where** No Yes No **which** Yes Yes No **while** No Yes Yes

SEE ALSO

csh(1), dash(1), echo(1), false(1), info(1), kill(1), login(1), nice(1), nohup(1), printenv(1), printf(1), pwd(1), sh(1), test(1), time(1), true(1), which(1), zsh(1)

HISTORY

The builtin manual page first appeared in FreeBSD 3.4.

AUTHORS

This manual page was written by Sheldon Hearn <[email protected]>.

BUILTIN(1) - General Commands Manual

NAME

builtin, !, %, ., :, @, [, {, }, alias, alloc, bg, bind, bindkey, break, breaksw, builtins, case, cd, chdir, command, complete, continue, default, dirs, do, done, echo, echotc, elif, else, end, endif, endsw, esac, eval, exec, exit, export, false, fc, fg, filetest, fi, for, foreach, getopts, glob, goto, hash, hashstat, history, hup, if, jobid, jobs, kill, limit, local, log, login, logout, ls-F, nice, nohup, notify, onintr, popd, printenv, printf, pushd, pwd, read, readonly, rehash, repeat, return, sched, set, setenv, settc, setty, setvar, shift, source, stop, suspend, switch, telltc, test, then, time, times, trap, true, type, ulimit, umask, unalias, uncomplete, unhash, unlimit, unset, unsetenv, until, wait, where, which, while - shell built-in commands

SYNOPSIS

See the built-in command description in the appropriate shell manual page.

DESCRIPTION

Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell’s process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.

If a command specified to the shell contains a slash ‘/’, the shell will not execute a builtin command, even if the last component of the specified command matches the name of a builtin command. Thus, while specifying “echo” causes a builtin command to be executed under shells that support the echo builtin command, specifying “/bin/echo” or “./echo” does not.

While some builtin commands may exist in more than one shell, their operation may be different under each shell which supports them. Below is a table which lists shell builtin commands, the standard shells that support them and whether they exist as standalone utilities.

Only builtin commands for the csh(1) and sh(1) shells are listed here. Consult a shell’s manual page for details on the operation of its builtin commands. Beware that the sh(1) manual page, at least, calls some of these commands “built-in commands” and some of them “reserved words”. Users of other shells may need to consult an info(1) page or other sources of documentation.

Commands marked “No\*\*” under External do exist externally, but are implemented as scripts using a builtin command of the same name.

*Command* *External* csh(1) sh(1) **!** No No Yes **%** No Yes No **.** No No Yes **:** No Yes Yes **@** No Yes Yes **\[** Yes No Yes **{** No No Yes **}** No No Yes **alias** No\*\* Yes Yes **alloc** No Yes No **bg** No\*\* Yes Yes **bind** No No Yes **bindkey** No Yes No **break** No Yes Yes **breaksw** No Yes No **builtin** No No Yes **builtins** No Yes No **case** No Yes Yes **cd** No\*\* Yes Yes **chdir** No Yes Yes **command** No\*\* No Yes **complete** No Yes No **continue** No Yes Yes **default** No Yes No **dirs** No Yes No **do** No No Yes **done** No No Yes **echo** Yes Yes Yes **echotc** No Yes No **elif** No No Yes **else** No Yes Yes **end** No Yes No **endif** No Yes No **endsw** No Yes No **esac** No No Yes **eval** No Yes Yes **exec** No Yes Yes **exit** No Yes Yes **export** No No Yes **false** Yes No Yes **fc** No\*\* No Yes **fg** No\*\* Yes Yes **filetest** No Yes No **fi** No No Yes **for** No No Yes **foreach** No Yes No **getopts** No\*\* No Yes **glob** No Yes No **goto** No Yes No **hash** No\*\* No Yes **hashstat** No Yes No **history** No Yes No **hup** No Yes No **if** No Yes Yes **jobid** No No Yes **jobs** No\*\* Yes Yes **kill** Yes Yes Yes **limit** No Yes No **local** No No Yes **log** No Yes No **login** Yes Yes No **logout** No Yes No **ls-F** No Yes No **nice** Yes Yes No **nohup** Yes Yes No **notify** No Yes No **onintr** No Yes No **popd** No Yes No **printenv** Yes Yes No **printf** Yes No Yes **pushd** No Yes No **pwd** Yes No Yes **read** No\*\* No Yes **readonly** No No Yes **rehash** No Yes No **repeat** No Yes No **return** No No Yes **sched** No Yes No **set** No Yes Yes **setenv** No Yes No **settc** No Yes No **setty** No Yes No **setvar** No No Yes **shift** No Yes Yes **source** No Yes No **stop** No Yes No **suspend** No Yes No **switch** No Yes No **telltc** No Yes No **test** Yes No Yes **then** No No Yes **time** Yes Yes No **times** No No Yes **trap** No No Yes **true** Yes No Yes **type** No\*\* No Yes **ulimit** No\*\* No Yes **umask** No\*\* Yes Yes **unalias** No\*\* Yes Yes **uncomplete** No Yes No **unhash** No Yes No **unlimit** No Yes No **unset** No Yes Yes **unsetenv** No Yes No **until** No No Yes **wait** No\*\* Yes Yes **where** No Yes No **which** Yes Yes No **while** No Yes Yes

SEE ALSO

csh(1), dash(1), echo(1), false(1), info(1), kill(1), login(1), nice(1), nohup(1), printenv(1), printf(1), pwd(1), sh(1), test(1), time(1), true(1), which(1), zsh(1)

HISTORY

The builtin manual page first appeared in FreeBSD 3.4.

AUTHORS

This manual page was written by Sheldon Hearn <[email protected]>.

shortcuts(1) - General Commands Manual

NAME

shortcuts - Command-line utility for running shortcuts.

SYNOPSIS

shortcuts run shortcut-name [--input-path input-path …] [--output-path output-path …] [--output-type output-type] shortcuts list [--folder-name folder-name] [--folders] shortcuts view shortcut-name shortcuts sign [--mode mode] --input input --output output

DESCRIPTION

The shortcuts command is used to run, list, view or sign shortcuts. To create or edit a shortcut, use the Shortcuts application.

OPTIONS

shortcuts run

shortcut-name

[--input-path input-path …]

The input to provide to the shortcut. Can be dropped, or set to “-” for stdin.

[--output-path output-path …]

Where to write the shortcut output, if applicable. Can be omitted, or set to “-” for stdout.

[--output-type output-type]

What type to output data in, in Uniform Type Identifier format. If not provided shortcuts will attempt to infer the output type from the output filename, or use the default type of the output content.

shortcuts list

[--folder-name folder-name]

List all shortcuts in the folder “folder-name” .

[--folders]

List all user-created folders.

shortcuts sign

[--mode mode]

The signing mode. Either “people-who-know-me” or “anyone” .Specifying “people-who-know-me” will sign locally, but only your devices, or people who have your contact info in their contacts, will be able to import the shortcut. Specifying “anyone” will notarize via iCloud, and allow anyone to import the shortcut.

--input input

The shortcut file to sign.

--output output

Output path for the signed shortcut file.

WHICH(1) - General Commands Manual

NAME

which - locate a program file in the user’s path

SYNOPSIS

which [-as] program …

DESCRIPTION

The which utility takes a list of command names and searches the path for each executable file that would be run had these commands actually been invoked.

The following options are available:

-a

List all instances of executables found (instead of just the first one of each).

-s

No output, just return 0 if all of the executables are found, or 1 if some were not found.

Some shells may provide a builtin which command which is similar or identical to this utility. Consult the builtin(1) manual page.

SEE ALSO

builtin(1), csh(1), find(1), locate(1), whereis(1)

HISTORY

The which command first appeared in FreeBSD 2.1.

AUTHORS

The which utility was originally written in Perl and was contributed by Wolfram Schneider <[email protected]>. The current version of which was rewritten in C by Daniel Papasian <[email protected]>.

BUILTIN(1) - General Commands Manual

NAME

builtin, !, %, ., :, @, [, {, }, alias, alloc, bg, bind, bindkey, break, breaksw, builtins, case, cd, chdir, command, complete, continue, default, dirs, do, done, echo, echotc, elif, else, end, endif, endsw, esac, eval, exec, exit, export, false, fc, fg, filetest, fi, for, foreach, getopts, glob, goto, hash, hashstat, history, hup, if, jobid, jobs, kill, limit, local, log, login, logout, ls-F, nice, nohup, notify, onintr, popd, printenv, printf, pushd, pwd, read, readonly, rehash, repeat, return, sched, set, setenv, settc, setty, setvar, shift, source, stop, suspend, switch, telltc, test, then, time, times, trap, true, type, ulimit, umask, unalias, uncomplete, unhash, unlimit, unset, unsetenv, until, wait, where, which, while - shell built-in commands

SYNOPSIS

See the built-in command description in the appropriate shell manual page.

DESCRIPTION

Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the running shell’s process. Note that, in the case of csh(1) builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last.

If a command specified to the shell contains a slash ‘/’, the shell will not execute a builtin command, even if the last component of the specified command matches the name of a builtin command. Thus, while specifying “echo” causes a builtin command to be executed under shells that support the echo builtin command, specifying “/bin/echo” or “./echo” does not.

While some builtin commands may exist in more than one shell, their operation may be different under each shell which supports them. Below is a table which lists shell builtin commands, the standard shells that support them and whether they exist as standalone utilities.

Only builtin commands for the csh(1) and sh(1) shells are listed here. Consult a shell’s manual page for details on the operation of its builtin commands. Beware that the sh(1) manual page, at least, calls some of these commands “built-in commands” and some of them “reserved words”. Users of other shells may need to consult an info(1) page or other sources of documentation.

Commands marked “No\*\*” under External do exist externally, but are implemented as scripts using a builtin command of the same name.

*Command* *External* csh(1) sh(1) **!** No No Yes **%** No Yes No **.** No No Yes **:** No Yes Yes **@** No Yes Yes **\[** Yes No Yes **{** No No Yes **}** No No Yes **alias** No\*\* Yes Yes **alloc** No Yes No **bg** No\*\* Yes Yes **bind** No No Yes **bindkey** No Yes No **break** No Yes Yes **breaksw** No Yes No **builtin** No No Yes **builtins** No Yes No **case** No Yes Yes **cd** No\*\* Yes Yes **chdir** No Yes Yes **command** No\*\* No Yes **complete** No Yes No **continue** No Yes Yes **default** No Yes No **dirs** No Yes No **do** No No Yes **done** No No Yes **echo** Yes Yes Yes **echotc** No Yes No **elif** No No Yes **else** No Yes Yes **end** No Yes No **endif** No Yes No **endsw** No Yes No **esac** No No Yes **eval** No Yes Yes **exec** No Yes Yes **exit** No Yes Yes **export** No No Yes **false** Yes No Yes **fc** No\*\* No Yes **fg** No\*\* Yes Yes **filetest** No Yes No **fi** No No Yes **for** No No Yes **foreach** No Yes No **getopts** No\*\* No Yes **glob** No Yes No **goto** No Yes No **hash** No\*\* No Yes **hashstat** No Yes No **history** No Yes No **hup** No Yes No **if** No Yes Yes **jobid** No No Yes **jobs** No\*\* Yes Yes **kill** Yes Yes Yes **limit** No Yes No **local** No No Yes **log** No Yes No **login** Yes Yes No **logout** No Yes No **ls-F** No Yes No **nice** Yes Yes No **nohup** Yes Yes No **notify** No Yes No **onintr** No Yes No **popd** No Yes No **printenv** Yes Yes No **printf** Yes No Yes **pushd** No Yes No **pwd** Yes No Yes **read** No\*\* No Yes **readonly** No No Yes **rehash** No Yes No **repeat** No Yes No **return** No No Yes **sched** No Yes No **set** No Yes Yes **setenv** No Yes No **settc** No Yes No **setty** No Yes No **setvar** No No Yes **shift** No Yes Yes **source** No Yes No **stop** No Yes No **suspend** No Yes No **switch** No Yes No **telltc** No Yes No **test** Yes No Yes **then** No No Yes **time** Yes Yes No **times** No No Yes **trap** No No Yes **true** Yes No Yes **type** No\*\* No Yes **ulimit** No\*\* No Yes **umask** No\*\* Yes Yes **unalias** No\*\* Yes Yes **uncomplete** No Yes No **unhash** No Yes No **unlimit** No Yes No **unset** No Yes Yes **unsetenv** No Yes No **until** No No Yes **wait** No\*\* Yes Yes **where** No Yes No **which** Yes Yes No **while** No Yes Yes

SEE ALSO

csh(1), dash(1), echo(1), false(1), info(1), kill(1), login(1), nice(1), nohup(1), printenv(1), printf(1), pwd(1), sh(1), test(1), time(1), true(1), which(1), zsh(1)

HISTORY

The builtin manual page first appeared in FreeBSD 3.4.

AUTHORS

This manual page was written by Sheldon Hearn <[email protected]>.

security(1) - General Commands Manual

NAME

security - Command line interface to keychains and Security framework

SYNOPSIS

security [-hilqv] [-p prompt] [command] [command_options] [command_args]

DESCRIPTION

A simple command line interface which lets you administer keychains, manipulate keys and certificates, and do just about anything the Security framework is capable of from the command line.

By default security will execute the command supplied and report if anything went wrong.

If the -i or -p options are provided, security will enter interactive mode and allow the user to enter multiple commands on stdin. When EOF is read from stdin security will exit.

Here is a complete list of the options available:

-h

If no arguments are specified, show a list of all commands. If arguments are provided, show usage for each the specified commands. This option is essentially the same as the help command.

-i

Run security in interactive mode. A prompt (security> by default) will be displayed and the user will be able to type commands on stdin until an EOF is encountered.

-l

Before security exits, run

/usr/bin/leaks -nocontext

on itself to see if the command(s) you executed had any leaks.

-p prompt

This option implies the -i option but changes the default prompt to the argument specified instead.

-q

Will make security less verbose.

-v

Will make security more verbose.

SECURITY COMMAND SUMMARY

security provides a rich variety of commands (command in the SYNOPSIS), each of which often has a wealth of options, to allow access to the broad functionality provided by the Security framework. However, you don’t have to master every detail for security to be useful to you.

Here are brief descriptions of all the security commands:

help

Show all commands, or show usage for a command.

list-keychains

Display or manipulate the keychain search list.

default-keychain

Display or set the default keychain.

login-keychain

Display or set the login keychain.

create-keychain

Create keychains.

delete-keychain

Delete keychains and remove them from the search list.

lock-keychain

Lock the specified keychain.

unlock-keychain

Unlock the specified keychain.

set-keychain-settings

Set settings for a keychain.

set-keychain-password

Set password for a keychain.

show-keychain-info

Show the settings for keychain.

dump-keychain

Dump the contents of one or more keychains.

create-keypair

Create an asymmetric key pair.

add-generic-password

Add a generic password item.

add-internet-password

Add an internet password item.

add-certificates

Add certificates to a keychain.

find-generic-password

Find a generic password item.

delete-generic-password

Delete a generic password item.

set-generic-password-partition-list

Set the partition list of a generic password item.

find-internet-password

Find an internet password item.

delete-internet-password

Delete an internet password item.

set-internet-password-partition-list

Set the partition list of a internet password item.

find-key

Find keys in the keychain

set-key-partition-list

Set the partition list of a key.

find-certificate

Find a certificate item.

find-identity

Find an identity (certificate + private key).

delete-certificate

Delete a certificate from a keychain.

delete-identity

Delete a certificate and its private key from a keychain.

set-identity-preference

Set the preferred identity to use for a service.

get-identity-preference

Get the preferred identity to use for a service.

create-db

Create a db using the DL.

export

Export items from a keychain.

import

Import items into a keychain.

cms

Encode or decode CMS messages.

install-mds

Install (or re-install) the MDS database.

add-trusted-cert

Add trusted certificate(s).

remove-trusted-cert

Remove trusted certificate(s).

dump-trust-settings

Display contents of trust settings.

user-trust-settings-enable

Display or manipulate user-level trust settings.

trust-settings-export

Export trust settings.

trust-settings-import

Import trust settings.

verify-cert

Verify certificate(s).

authorize

Perform authorization operations.

authorizationdb

Make changes to the authorization policy database.

execute-with-privileges

Execute tool with privileges.

leaks

Run /usr/bin/leaks on this process.

smartcards

Enable, disable or list disabled smartcard tokens.

list-smartcards

Display available smartcards.

export-smartcard

Export/display items from a smartcard.

error

Display a descriptive message for the given error code(s).

COMMON COMMAND OPTIONS

This section describes the command_options that are available across all security commands.

-h

Show a usage message for the specified command. This option is essentially the same as the help command.

SECURITY COMMANDS

Here (finally) are details on all the security commands and the options each accepts.

help [-h] Show all commands, or show usage for a command.

list-keychains [-h] [-d user|system|common|dynamic] [-s [keychain…]] Display or manipulate the keychain search list.

-d user|system|common|dynamic

Use the specified preference domain.

-s

Set the search list to the specified keychains.

default-keychain [-h] [-d user|system|common|dynamic] [-s [keychain]] Display or set the default keychain.

-d user|system|common|dynamic

Use the specified preference domain.

-s

Set the default keychain to the specified keychain. Unset it if no keychain is specified.

login-keychain [-h] [-d user|system|common|dynamic] [-s [keychain]] Display or set the login keychain.

-d user|system|common|dynamic

Use the specified preference domain.

-s

Set the login keychain to the specified keychain. Unset it if no keychain is specified.

create-keychain [-hP] [-p password] [keychain…] Create keychains.

-P

Prompt the user for a password using the SecurityAgent.

-p password

Use password as the password for the keychains being created.

If neither -P or -p password are specified, the user is prompted for a password on the command line. Use of the -p option is insecure.

delete-keychain [-h] [keychain…] Delete keychains and remove them from the search list.

lock-keychain [-h] [-a|keychain] Lock keychain, or the default keychain if none is specified. If the -a option is specified, all keychains are locked.

unlock-keychain [-hu] [-p password] [keychain] Unlock keychain, or the default keychain if none is specified.

set-keychain-settings [-hlu] [-t timeout] [keychain] Set settings for keychain, or the default keychain if none is specified.

-l

Lock keychain when the system sleeps.

-u

Lock keychain after timeout interval.

-t timeout

Specify timeout interval in seconds (omitting this option specifies “no timeout”).

set-keychain-password [-h] [-o oldPassword] [-p newPassword] [keychain] Set password for keychain, or the default keychain if none is specified.

-o oldPassword

Old keychain password (if not provided, will prompt)

-p newPassword

New keychain password (if not provided, will prompt)

show-keychain-info [-h] [keychain] Show the settings for keychain.

dump-keychain [-adhir] Dump the contents of one or more keychains.

-a

Dump access control list of items

-d

Dump (decrypted) data of items

-i

Interactive access control list editing mode

-r

Dump raw (encrypted) data of items

create-keypair [-h] [-a alg] [-s size] [-f date] [-t date] [-d days] [-k keychain] [-A|-T appPath] [name] Create an asymmetric key pair.

-a alg

Use alg as the algorithm, can be rsa, dh, dsa or fee (default rsa)

-s size

Specify the keysize in bits (default 512)

-f date

Make a key valid from the specified date (ex: “13/11/10 3:30pm”)

-t date

Make a key valid to the specified date

-d days

Make a key valid for the number of days specified from today

-k keychain

Use the specified keychain rather than the default

-A

Allow any application to access this key without warning (insecure, not recommended!)

-T appPath

Specify an application which may access this key (multiple -T options are allowed)

add-generic-password [-h] [-a account] [-s service] [-w password] [options…] [keychain] Add a generic password item.

-a account

Specify account name (required)

-c creator

Specify item creator (optional four-character code)

-C type

Specify item type (optional four-character code)

-D kind

Specify kind (default is “application password”)

-G value

Specify generic attribute value (optional)

-j comment

Specify comment string (optional)

-l label

Specify label (if omitted, service name is used as default label)

-s service

Specify service name (required)

-p password

Specify password to be added (legacy option, equivalent to -w)

-w password

Specify password to be added. Put at end of command to be prompted (recommended)

-A

Allow any application to access this item without warning (insecure, not recommended!)

-T appPath

Specify an application which may access this item (multiple -T options are allowed)

-U

Update item if it already exists (if omitted, the item cannot already exist)

-X password

Specify password data to be added as a hexadecimal string

By default, the application which creates an item is trusted to access its data without warning. You can remove this default access by explicitly specifying an empty app pathname: -T “”. If no keychain is specified, the password is added to the default keychain.

add-internet-password [-h] [-a account] [-s server] [-w password] [options…] [keychain] Add an internet password item.

-a account

Specify account name (required)

-c creator

Specify item creator (optional four-character code)

-C type

Specify item type (optional four-character code)

-d domain

Specify security domain string (optional)

-D kind

Specify kind (default is “application password”)

-j comment

Specify comment string (optional)

-l label

Specify label (if omitted, service name is used as default label)

-p path

Specify path string (optional)

-P port

Specify port number (optional)

-r protocol

Specify protocol (optional four-character SecProtocolType, e.g. “http”, “ftp ”)

-s server

Specify server name (required)

-t authenticationType

Specify authentication type (as a four-character SecAuthenticationType, default is “dflt”)

-w password

Specify password to be added. Put at end of command to be prompted (recommended)

-A

Allow any application to access this item without warning (insecure, not recommended!)

-T appPath

Specify an application which may access this item (multiple -T options are allowed)

-U

Update item if it already exists (if omitted, the item cannot already exist)

-X password

Specify password data to be added as a hexadecimal string

By default, the application which creates an item is trusted to access its data without warning. You can remove this default access by explicitly specifying an empty app pathname: -T “”. If no keychain is specified, the password is added to the default keychain.

add-certificates [-h] [-k keychain] file… Add certficates contained in the specified files to the default keychain. The files must contain one DER encoded X509 certificate each.

-k keychain

Use keychain rather than the default keychain.

find-generic-password [-h] [-a account] [-s service] [-‌options…] [-g] [-‌keychain…] Find a generic password item.

-a account

Match account string

-c creator

Match creator (four-character code)

-C type

Match type (four-character code)

-D kind

Match kind string

-G value

Match value string (generic attribute)

-j comment

Match comment string

-l label

Match label string

-s service

Match service string

-g

Display the password for the item found

-w

Display the password(only) for the item found

delete-generic-password [-h] [-a account] [-s service] [-‌options…] [-‌keychain…] Delete a generic password item.

-a account

Match account string

-c creator

Match creator (four-character code)

-C type

Match type (four-character code)

-D kind

Match kind string

-G value

Match value string (generic attribute)

-j comment

Match comment string

-l label

Match label string

-s service

Match service string

delete-internet-password [-h] [-a account] [-s server] [options…] [keychain…] Delete an internet password item.

-a account

Match account string

-c creator

Match creator (four-character code)

-C type

Match type (four-character code)

-d securityDomain

Match securityDomain string

-D kind

Match kind string

-j comment

Match comment string

-l label

Match label string

-p path

Match path string

-P port

Match port number

-r protocol

Match protocol (four-character code)

-s server

Match server string

-t authenticationType

Match authenticationType (four-character code)

find-internet-password [-h] [-a account] [-s server] [options…] [-g] [keychain…] Find an internet password item.

-a account

Match account string

-c creator

Match creator (four-character code)

-C type

Match type (four-character code)

-d securityDomain

Match securityDomain string

-D kind

Match kind string

-j comment

Match comment string

-l label

Match label string

-p path

Match path string

-P port

Match port number

-r protocol

Match protocol (four-character code)

-s server

Match server string

-t authenticationType

Match authenticationType (four-character code)

-g

Display the password for the item found

-w

Display the password(only) for the item found

find-key [options…] [keychain…] Search the keychain for keys.

-a application-label

Match “application label” string

-c creator

Match creator (four-character code)

-d

Match keys that can decrypt

-D description

Match “description” string

-e

Match keys that can encrypt

-j comment

Match comment string

-l label

Match label string

-r

Match keys that can derive

-s

Match keys that can sign

-t type

Type of key to find: one of “symmetric”, “public”, or “private”

-u

Match keys that can unwrap

-v

Match keys that can verify

-w

Match keys that can wrap

set-generic-password-partition-list [-a account] [-s service] [-S <partition list (comma separated)>] [-k <keychain password>] [options…] [keychain] Sets the “partition list” for a generic password. The “partition list” is an extra parameter in the ACL which limits access to the item based on an application’s code signature. You must present the keychain’s password to change a partition list.

-S partition-list

Comma-separated partition list. See output of “security dump-keychain” for examples.

-k password

Password for keychain

-a account

Match account string

-c creator

Match creator (four-character code)

-C type

Match type (four-character code)

-D kind

Match kind string

-G value

Match value string (generic attribute)

-j comment

Match comment string

-l label

Match label string

-s service

Match service string

set-internet-password-partition-list [-a account] [-s server] [-S <partition list (comma separated)>] [-k <keychain password>] [options…] [keychain] Sets the “partition list” for an internet password. The “partition list” is an extra parameter in the ACL which limits access to the item based on an application’s code signature. You must present the keychain’s password to change a partition list.

-S partition-list

Comma-separated partition list. See output of “security dump-keychain” for examples.

-k password

Password for keychain

-a account

Match account string

-c creator

Match creator (four-character code)

-C type

Match type (four-character code)

-d securityDomain

Match securityDomain string

-D kind

Match kind string

-j comment

Match comment string

-l label

Match label string

-p path

Match path string

-P port

Match port number

-r protocol

Match protocol (four-character code)

-s server

Match server string

-t authenticationType

Match authenticationType (four-character code)

set-key-partition-list [-S <partition list (comma separated)>] [-k <keychain password>] [options…] [keychain] Sets the “partition list” for a key. The “partition list” is an extra parameter in the ACL which limits access to the key based on an application’s code signature. You must present the keychain’s password to change a partition list. If you’d like to run /usr/bin/codesign with the key, “apple:” must be an element of the partition list.

-S partition-list

Comma-separated partition list. See output of “security dump-keychain” for examples.

-k password

Password for keychain

-a application-label

Match “application label” string

-c creator

Match creator (four-character code)

-d

Match keys that can decrypt

-D description

Match “description” string

-e

Match keys that can encrypt

-j comment

Match comment string

-l label

Match label string

-r

Match keys that can derive

-s

Match keys that can sign

-t type

Type of key to find: one of “symmetric”, “public”, or “private”

-u

Match keys that can unwrap

-v

Match keys that can verify

-w

Match keys that can wrap

find-certificate [-h] [-a] [-c name] [-e emailAddress] [-m] [-p] [-Z] [keychain…] Find a certificate item. If no keychain arguments are provided, the default search list is used.

Options:

-a

Find all matching certificates, not just the first one

-c name

Match on name when searching (optional)

-e emailAddress

Match on emailAddress when searching (optional)

-m

Show the email addresses in the certificate

-p

Output certificate in pem format. Default is to dump the attributes and keychain the cert is in.

-Z

Print SHA-256 (and SHA-1) hash of the certificate

Examples

security> find-certificate -a -p > allcerts.pem

Exports all certificates from all keychains into a pem file called allcerts.pem.

security> find-certificate -a -e [email protected] -p > certs.pem

Exports all certificates from all keychains with the email address [email protected] into a pem file called certs.pem.

security> find-certificate -a -c MyName -Z login.keychain | grep ^SHA-256

Print the SHA-256 hash of every certificate in ‘login.keychain’ whose common name includes ‘MyName’

find-identity [-h] [-p policy] [-s string] [-v] [keychain…] Find an identity (certificate + private key) satisfying a given policy. If no policy arguments are provided, the X.509 basic policy is assumed. If no keychain arguments are provided, the default search list is used.

Options:

-p policy

Specify policy to evaluate (multiple -p options are allowed). Supported policies: basic, ssl-client, ssl-server, smime, eap, ipsec, ichat, codesigning, sys-default, sys-kerberos-kdc

-s string

Specify optional policy-specific string (e.g. a DNS hostname for SSL, or RFC822 email address for S/MIME)

-v

Show valid identities only (default is to show all identities)

Examples

security> find-identity -v -p ssl-client

Display valid identities that can be used for SSL client authentication

security> find-identity -p ssl-server -s www.domain.com

Display identities for a SSL server running on the host ‘www.domain.com’

security> find-identity -p smime -s [email protected]

Display identities that can be used to sign a message from ‘[email protected]’

delete-certificate [-h] [-c name] [-Z hash] [-t] [keychain…] Delete a certificate from a keychain. If no keychain arguments are provided, the default search list is used.

-c name

Specify certificate to delete by its common name

-Z hash

Specify certificate to delete by its SHA-256 (or SHA-1) hash

-t

Also delete user trust settings for this certificate

The certificate to be deleted must be uniquely specified either by a string found in its common name, or by its SHA-256 (or SHA-1) hash.

delete-identity [-h] [-c name] [-Z hash] [-t] [keychain…] Delete a certificate and its private key from a keychain. If no keychain arguments are provided, the default search list is used.

-c name

Specify certificate to delete by its common name

-Z hash

Specify certificate to delete by its SHA-256 (or SHA-1) hash

-t

Also delete user trust settings for this identity certificate

The identity to be deleted must be uniquely specified either by a string found in its common name, or by its SHA-256 (or SHA-1) hash.

set-identity-preference [-h] [-n] [-c identity] [-s service] [-u keyUsage] [-Z hash] [keychain…] Set the preferred identity to use for a service.

-n

Specify no identity (clears existing preference for the given service)

-c identity

Specify identity by common name of the certificate

-s service

Specify service (may be a URL, RFC822 email address, DNS host, or other name) for which this identity is to be preferred

-u keyUsage

Specify key usage (optional)

-Z hash

Specify identity by SHA-256 (or SHA-1) hash of certificate (optional)

The identity is located by searching the specified keychain(s) for a certificate whose common name contains the given identity string. If no keychains are specified to search, the default search list is used. Different identity preferences can be set for individual key usages. You can differentiate between two identities which contain the same string by providing a SHA-256 (or SHA-1) hash of the certificate in addition to, or instead of, the name.

PARTIAL PATHS AND WILDCARDS

Prior to 10.5.4, identity preferences for SSL/TLS client authentication could only be set on a per-URL basis. The URL being visited had to match the service name exactly for the preference to be in effect.

In 10.5.4, it became possible to specify identity preferences on a per-server basis, by using a service name with a partial path URL to match more specific paths on the same server. For example, if an identity preference for “https://www.apache-ssl.org/” exists, it will be in effect for “https://www.apache-ssl.org/cgi/cert-export”, and so on. Note that partial path URLs must end with a trailing slash character.

Starting with 10.6, it is possible to specify identity preferences on a per-domain basis, by using the wildcard character ‘*’ as the leftmost component of the service name. Unlike SSL wildcards, an identity preference wildcard can match more than one subdomain. For example, an identity preference for the name “*.army.mil” will match “server1.subdomain1.army.mil” or “server2.subdomain2.army.mil”. Likewise, a preference for “*.mil” will match both “server.army.mil” and “server.navy.mil”.

KEY USAGE CODES

0 - preference is in effect for all possible key usages (default) 1 - encryption only 2 - decryption only 4 - signing only 8 - signature verification only 16 - signing with message recovery only 32 - signature verification with message recovery only 64 - key wrapping only

128 - key unwrapping only 256 - key derivation only

To specify more than one usage, add values together.

get-identity-preference [-h] [-s service] [-u keyUsage] [-p] [-c] [-Z] Get the preferred identity to use for a service.

-s service

Specify service (may be a URL, RFC822 email address, DNS host, or other name)

-u keyUsage

Specify key usage (optional)

-p

Output identity certificate in pem format

-c

Print common name of the preferred identity certificate

-Z

Print SHA-256 (and SHA-1) hash of the preferred identity certificate

create-db [-aho0] [-g dl|cspdl] [-m mode] [name] Create a db using the DL. If name isn’t provided security will prompt the user to type a name.

Options:

-a

Turn off autocommit

-g dl|cspdl

Use the AppleDL (default) or AppleCspDL

-m mode

Set the file permissions to mode.

-o

Force using openparams argument

-0

Force using version 0 openparams

Examples

security> create-db -m 0644 test.db

security> create-db -g cspdl -a test2.db

export [-k keychain] [-t type] [-f format] [-w] [-p format] [-P passphrase] [-o outfile] Export one or more items from a keychain to one of a number of external representations. If keychain isn’t provided, items will be exported from the user’s default keychain.

Options:

-k keychain

Specify keychain from which item(s) will be exported.

-t type

Specify the type of items to export. Possible types are certs, allKeys, pubKeys, privKeys, identities, and all. The default is all. An identity consists of both a certificate and the corresponding private key.

-f format

Specify the format of the exported data. Possible formats are openssl, bsafe, pkcs7, pkcs8, pkcs12, x509, openssh1, openssh2, and pemseq. The default is pemseq if more than one item is being exported. The default is openssl if one key is being exported. The default is x509 if one certificate is being exported.

-w

Specifies that private keys are to be wrapped on export.

-p

Specifies that PEM armour is to be applied to the output data.

-P passphrase

Specify the wrapping passphrase immediately. The default is to obtain a secure passphrase via GUI.

-o outfile

Write the output data to outfile. Default is to write data to stdout.

Examples

security> export -k login.keychain -t certs -o /tmp/certs.pem

security> export -k newcert.keychain -t identities -f pkcs12 -o /tmp/mycerts.p12

import inputfile [-k keychain] [-t type] [-f format] [-w] [-P passphrase] [options…] Import one or more items from inputfile into a keychain. If keychain isn’t provided, items will be imported into the user’s default keychain.

Options:

-k keychain

Specify keychain into which item(s) will be imported.

-t type

Specify the type of items to import. Possible types are cert, pub, priv, session, cert, and agg. Pub, priv, and session refer to keys; agg is one of the aggregate types (pkcs12 and PEM sequence). The command can often figure out what item_type an item contains based in the filename and/or item_format.

-f format

Specify the format of the exported data. Possible formats are openssl, bsafe, raw, pkcs7, pkcs8, pkcs12, x509, openssh1, openssh2, and pemseq. The command can often figure out what format an item is in based in the filename and/or item_type.

-w

Specify that private keys are wrapped and must be unwrapped on import.

-x

Specify that private keys are non-extractable after being imported.

-P passphrase

Specify the unwrapping passphrase immediately. The default is to obtain a secure passphrase via GUI.

-a attrName attrValue

Specify optional extended attribute name and value. Can be used multiple times. This is only valid when importing keys.

-A

Allow any application to access the imported key without warning (insecure, not recommended!)

-T appPath

Specify an application which may access the imported key (multiple -T options are allowed)

Examples

security> import /tmp/certs.pem -k

security> import /tmp/mycerts.p12 -t agg -k newcert.keychain

security> import /tmp/mycerts.p12 -f pkcs12 -k newcert.keychain

cms [-C|-D|-E|-S] [options…] Encode or decode CMS messages.

-C

create a CMS encrypted message

-D

decode a CMS message

-E

create a CMS enveloped message

-S

create a CMS signed message

Decoding options:

-c content

use this detached content file

-h level

generate email headers with info about CMS message (output level >= 0)

-n

suppress output of content

Encoding options:

-r id,…

create envelope for comma-delimited list of recipients, where id can be a certificate nickname or email address

-G

include a signing time attribute

-H hash

hash = MD2|MD4|MD5|SHA1|SHA256|SHA384|SHA512 (default: SHA1)

-N nick

use certificate named “nick” for signing

-P

include a SMIMECapabilities attribute

-T

do not include content in CMS message

-Y nick

include an EncryptionKeyPreference attribute with certificate (use “NONE” to omit)

-Z hash

find a certificate by subject key ID

Common options:

-e envelope

specify envelope file (valid with -D or -E)

-k keychain

specify keychain to use

-i infile

use infile as source of data (default: stdin)

-o outfile

use outfile as destination of data (default: stdout)

-p password

use password as key db password (default: prompt)

-s

pass data a single byte at a time to CMS

-u certusage

set type of certificate usage (default: certUsageEmailSigner)

-v

print debugging information

Cert usage codes: 0 - certUsageSSLClient 1 - certUsageSSLServer 2 - certUsageSSLServerWithStepUp 3 - certUsageSSLCA 4 - certUsageEmailSigner 5 - certUsageEmailRecipient 6 - certUsageObjectSigner 7 - certUsageUserCertImport 8 - certUsageVerifyCA 9 - certUsageProtectedObjectSigner 10 - certUsageStatusResponder 11 - certUsageAnyCA

install-mds Install (or re-install) the Module Directory Services (MDS) database. This is a system tool which is not normally used by users. There are no options.

add-trusted-cert [-d] [-r resultType] [-p policy] [-a appPath] [-s policyString] [-e allowedError] [-u keyUsage] [-k keychain] [-i settingsFileIn] [-o settingsFileOut] certFile Add certificate (in DER or PEM format) from certFile to per-user or local Admin Trust Settings. When modifying per-user Trust Settings, user authentication is required via an authentication dialog. When modifying admin Trust Settings, the process must be running as root, or admin authentication is required.

Options:

-d

Add to admin cert store; default is user.

-r resultType

resultType = trustRoot|trustAsRoot|deny|unspecified; default is trustRoot.

-p policy

Specify policy constraint (ssl, smime, codeSign, IPSec, basic, swUpdate, pkgSign, eap, macappstore, appleID, timestamping).

-a appPath

Specify application constraint.

-s policyString

Specify policy-specific string.

-e allowedError

Specify allowed error (an integer value, or one of: certExpired, hostnameMismatch)

-u keyUsage

Specify key usage, an integer.

-k keychain

Specify keychain to which cert is added.

-i settingsFileIn

Input trust settings file; default is user domain.

-o settingsFileOut

Output trust settings file; default is user domain.

Key usage codes: -1 - Any 1 - Sign 2 - Encrypt/Decrypt Data 4 - Encrypt/Decrypt Key 8 - Sign certificate 16 - Sign revocation 32 - Key exchange To specify more than one usage, add values together (except -1 - Any).

Examples

security> add-trusted-cert /tmp/cert.der security> add-trusted-cert -d .tmp/cert.der

remove-trusted-cert [-d] certFile Remove certificate (in DER or PEM format) in certFile from per-user or local Admin Trust Settings. When modifying per-user Trust Settings, user authentication is required via an authentication dialog. When modifying admin Trust Settings, the process must be running as root, or admin authentication is required.

Options:

-d

Remove from admin cert store; default is user.

dump-trust-settings [-s] [-d] Display Trust Settings.

Options:

-s

Display trusted system certs; default is user.

-d

Display trusted admin certs; default is user.

user-trust-settings-enable [-d] [-e] Display or manipulate user-level Trust Settings. With no arguments, shows the current state of the user-level Trust Settings enable. Otherwise enables or disables user-level Trust Settings.

Options:

-d

Disable user-level Trust Settings.

-e

Enable user-level Trust Settings.

trust-settings-export [-s] [-d] settings_file Export Trust Settings to the specified file.

Options:

-s

Export system Trust Settings; default is user.

-d

Export admin Trust Settings; default is user.

trust-settings-import [-d] settings_file Import Trust Settings from the specified file. When modifying per-user Trust Settings, user authentication is required via an authentication dialog. When modifying admin Trust Settings, the process must be running as root, or admin authentication is required.

Options:

-d

Import admin Trust Settings; default is user.

verify-cert [-c certFile] [-r rootCertFile] [-p policy] [-C] [-d date] [-k keychain] [-n name] [-N] [-L] [-l] [-e emailAddress] [-s sslHost] [-q] [-R revCheckOption] [-P] [-t] [-v] [url] Verify one or more certificates. If a direct URL argument is provided, a TLS connection is attempted and the certificate presented by that server is evaluated according to standard SSL server policy; other certificates or policy options will be ignored in this case.

Options:

-c certFile

Certificate to verify, in DER or PEM format. Can be specified more than once; leaf certificate has to be specified first.

-r rootCertFile

Root certificate, in DER or PEM format. Can be specified more than once. If not specified, the system anchor certificates are used. If one root certificate is specified, and zero (non-root) certificates are specified, the root certificate is verified against itself.

-p policy

Specify verification policy (ssl, smime, codeSign, IPSec, basic, swUpdate, pkgSign, eap, appleID, macappstore, timestamping). Default is basic.

-C

Specify this evaluation is for client usage, if the verification policy (e.g. ssl) distinguishes between client and server usage. Default is server usage.

-d date

Date to set for verification. Specified in the format of YYYY-MM-DD-hh:mm:ss (time optional). e.g: 2016-04-25-15:59:59 for April 25, 2016 at 3:59:59 pm in GMT

-k keychain

Keychain to search for intermediate CA certificates. Can be specified multiple times. Default is the current user’s keychain search list.

-n name

Specify a name to be verified, e.g. the SSL host name for the ssl policy, or RFC822 email address for the smime policy. For backward compatibility, if the -n option is provided without an argument, it will be interpreted as equivalent to -N.

-N

Avoid searching any keychains.

-L

Use local certificates only. If an issuing CA certificate is missing, this option will avoid accessing the network to fetch it.

-l

Specifies that the leaf certificate is a CA cert. By default, a leaf certificate with a Basic Constraints extension with the CA bit set fails verification.

-e emailAddress

Specify email address for the smime policy. (This option is deprecated; use -n instead.)

-s sslHost

Specify SSL host name for the ssl policy. (This option is deprecated; use -n instead.)

-q

Quiet, no stdout or stderr.

-R revCheckOption

Specify a revocation checking option for this evaluation (ocsp, require, offline). Can be specified multiple times; e.g. to enable revocation checking via the OCSP method and require a positive response, use “-R ocsp -R require”. The offline option will consult previously cached responses, but will not make a request to a revocation server.

-P

Output the constructed certificate chain in PEM format.

-t

Output certificate contents as text.

-v

Specify verbose output, including per-certificate trust results.

Examples

security> verify-cert -c applestore0.cer -c applestore1.cer -p ssl -n store.apple.com

security> verify-cert -r serverbasic.crt

security> verify-cert -v https://www.apple.com

authorize [-updPiew] [right…] Authorize requested right(s). The extend-rights flag will be passed by default.

Options:

-u

Allow user interaction.

-p

Allow returning partial rights.

-d

Destroy acquired rights.

-P

Pre-authorize rights only.

-l

Operate authorization in least privileged mode.

-i

Internalize authref passed on stdin.

-e

Externalize authref to stdout

-w

Wait while holding AuthorizationRef until stdout is closed. This will allow client to read externalized AuthorizationRef from pipe.

Examples

security> security authorize -ud my-right

Basic authorization of my-right.

security> security -q authorize -uew my-right | security -q authorize -i my-right

Authorizing a right and passing it to another command as a way to add authorization to shell scripts.

authorizationdb read <right-name>

authorizationdb write <right-name> [allow|deny|<rulename>]

authorizationdb remove <right-name> Read/Modify authorization policy database. Without a rulename write will read a dictionary as a plist from stdin.

Examples

security> security authorizationdb read system.privilege.admin > /tmp/aewp-def

Read definition of system.privilege.admin right.

security> security authorizationdb write system.preferences < /tmp/aewp-def

Set system.preferences to definition of system.privilege.admin right.

security> security authorizationdb write system.preferences authenticate-admin

Every change to preferences requires an Admin user to authenticate.

execute-with-privileges <program> [args…] Execute tool with privileges. On success stdin will be read and forwarded to the tool.

leaks [-h] [-cycles] [-nocontext] [-nostacks] [-exclude symbol] Run /usr/bin/leaks on this process. This can help find memory leaks after running certain commands.

Options:

-cycles

Use a stricter algorithm (See leaks(1) for details).

-nocontext

Withhold the hex dumps of the leaked memory.

-nostacks

Don’t show stack traces of leaked memory.

-exclude symbol

Ignore leaks called from symbol.

smartcards token [-l] [-e token] [-d token] Enable, disable or list disabled smartcard tokens.

Options:

-l

List disabled smartcard tokens.

-e token

Enable smartcard token.

-d token

Disable smartcard token.

To list tokens available in the system

pluginkit -m -p com.apple.ctk-tokens

Examples

security smartcards token -l

security smartcards token -d com.apple.CryptoTokenKit.pivtoken

security smartcards token -e com.apple.CryptoTokenKit.pivtoken

list-smartcards Display ids of available smartcards.

export-smartcard token [-i id] [-t certs|privKeys|identities|all] [-e exportPath] Export/display items from a smartcard. If id isn’t provided, items from all smartcards will be displayed.

Options:

-i id

Export/display items from token specified by token id, available ids can be listed by list-smartcards command.

-t certs|privKeys|identities|all

Display items of the specified type (Default: all)

-e exportPath

Specify path to export certificates and public keys. If exportPath is specified screen output is suppressed. This option cannot be combined with -t option.

error [-h] [<error code(s)…>] Display an error string for the given security-related error code. The error can be in decimal or hex, e.g. 1234 or 0x1234. Multiple errors can be separated by spaces.

ENVIRONMENT

MallocStackLogging

When using the leaks command or the -l option it’s probably a good idea to set this environment variable before security is started. Doing so will allow leaks to display symbolic backtraces.

FILES

~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.security.plist

Property list file containing the current user’s default keychain and keychain search list.

/Library/Preferences/com.apple.security.plist

Property list file containing the system default keychain and keychain search list. This is used by processes started at boot time, or those requesting to use the system search domain, such as system daemons.

/Library/Preferences/com.apple.security-common.plist

Property list file containing the common keychain search list, which is appended to every user’s search list and to the system search list.

SEE ALSO

certtool(1), leaks(1), pluginkit(8)

HISTORY

security was first introduced in Mac OS X version 10.3.

BUGS

security still needs more commands before it can be considered complete. In particular, it should someday supersede both the certtool and systemkeychain commands.