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King of Congo. By Jacques Grasset de Saint Sauveur.
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Aqualtune Ezgondidu Mahamud da Silva Santos (fl. 1665) was a Kongo princess who was the daughter of an unidentified Manikongo. According to the tradition, she was the mother of Ganga Zumba and the maternal grandmother of Zumbi.
In 1665, Aqualtune led a force of ten thousand Kongo men and women in the Battle of Mbwila, where she was captured in defeat. She was then transported to the Port of Recife, a warehouse and sugar mill. She was purchased as a breeding slave, and was later sold to a mill in Porto Calvo, already pregnant. She then escaped her enslavement, reaching the Palmares quilombo. She then became the leader of the Subupuira quilombo, which was northeast of the capital of the Palmares. She had two sons, Ganga Zumba and Gana Zona, who both took on leadership roles in the Palmares. Zumbi was the child of her daughter Sabina. Her fate and later life is unknown, dying a mysterious death in 1675.
Jean Roi de Congo, par Pierre Duflos.
Why did African kings capture and sell Africans as slaves to the west, to benefit their kingdom?
Do not overthink it.
Rulers of established kingdoms noticed the deleterious effects of the slave-trade and tried to regulate it. The Oba of Edo banned the sale of female slaves. The ManiKongo appealed to the Portuguese king to rein in Portuguese interlopers who were driving up the demand for slaves.
Kingdoms that relied on the control of labour for their prosperity immediately saw damaging effects from the slave trade. The costs of trade were rising and agricultural production falling.
The problem is that there were not enough of them. It is not coincidental that the hey-days of the slave trade coincided with the collapse of many polities in West and West Central Africa, where all the slaves sold into the Atlantic trade were captured.
The types of polities that thrived in that era were coastal brokers and death-cult type States like Dahomey and Arochukwu. The slave trade was primarily driven by what we would call ‘non-State actors' today. They were kidnapping syndicates, roving warbands like the Imbangala and new States on the make which had to sell slaves to buy guns without which they would not survive.
People tend to treat the slave trade like this immense anomaly. Before you do, consider the drug trade. Why do cartel bosses keep going? Probably because once you are in, you are controlled by a different logic that imperils you forward, towards more. Cartel bosses are at a stage where it is not just about money.
Patronage, fear and power were likely greater motivating factors than quaint ideas of patriotism or solidarity.
Manikongo #illustration #ilustracion #wip #character #visualdevelopment #design #desenho #manikongo
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Extraits MANIKONGO pilote
The Queen is losing her temper because her sons don't seem to understand their new life/La reine n'a plus de patience à cause de ses fils qui ne comprennent pas leurs nouvelles obligations royales #manikongo #kongo#rdc #brazzaville #gabon #kinshasa#angola #webserie
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Extraits Pilote MANIKONGO
Lorsque les princes ne comprennent pas l'importance des leçons de combat, le Roi (Mani) leur explique qu'ils doivent être prêts pour l'avenir du Royaume #manikongo #kongo #rdc#brazzaville #kinshasa #webserie #africa#afrique #nollywood
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manikongolaserieExtraits de l'épisode pilote MANIKONGO
Lembe, le nouveau noble doit rassurer son fils, pas facile de trouver sa place à la haute capitale...#manikongo #afrique #africa #kongo#africanmovies #nollywood
