Rolihlahla Mandela was born on July 18, 1918, into the Madiba clan in Mvezo, Transkei.
Nonqaphi Nosekeni was his mother, and his father, Nkosi Mphakanyiswa Gadla Mandela, was the chief counselor to the Thembu people's Acting King, Jongintaba Dalindyebo.
Miss Mdingane, his primary school teacher, gave him the name "Nelson" on his first day. His father died when he was 12 years old, and he was nurtured by the Regent at the Great Place in Mqhekezweni. He was sent to the top institutions available and enrolled in the BA program at Fort Hare University.
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When he was expelled for participating in a student demonstration, the Regent urged him to either return or marry. As a result, he fled to Johannesburg with his cousin Justice. In 1941, he worked as a security guard on a gold mine before becoming a legal clerk at the law firm Witkin, Edelman, & Sidelsky. At the same time, he finished his BA at Unisa.
In 1943, he enrolled at Wits University to study law. He was a poor student who became more interested in politics after helping to establish the ANC Youth League in 1944. In the same year, he married and needed money to sustain his family.
He had three children by the time the university ordered him to pay the 27 pounds he owed or leave in mid-1952. In prison, he only resumed his studies in 1962. After 27 years, he eventually received his LLB from Unisa.
He then became the National Volunteer-in-Chief of the Defiance Campaign against apartheid legislation in 1952. Later, he and 19 others were accused and sentenced to nine months in prison, suspended for two years.Nelson Mandela Β & Tambo, South Africa's first black legal firm, was founded in August by him and Oliver Tambo.
A two-year diploma was sufficient to practice as an attorney back then. The following year, he was prohibited for the very first time, and he had to get official authorization to leave Pretoria.Β 156 persons were imprisoned and charged with treason following the ratification of the Freedom Charter in 1955. The trial lasted four and a half years, until 29 March 1961, when all defendants were acquitted. After the police death of 69 unarmed protestors in Sharpeville on March 21, 1961, the ANC and PAC were banned.
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