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What is configure, make, make install ?
There are lot of confusions for usual configure, make, make install sequence to get a program running in Linux. Unfortunately, most developers today have never used a compiler to install an application and used the GUI application builders.
The make utility is designed to decrease a programmer’s need to remember line of commands. I guess that is actually the good way of saying, it decreases a programmer’s need to document. In any case, the idea is that if you establish a set of rules to create a program in a format make understands, you don’t have to remember them again. The make utility has a set of built-in rules so you only need to tell it what new things it needs to know to build your particular utility. For example, if you typed in make program, make would first look for some new rules from you. If you didn’t supply it any then it would look at its built-in rules. One of those built-in rules tells make that it can run the linker (ld) on a program name ending in .o to produce the executable program.
So, make would look for a file named program.o. But, it wouldn’t stop there. Even if it found the .o file, it has some other rules that tell it to make sure the .o file is up to date. In other words, newer than the source program. The most common source program on Linux systems is written in C and its file name ends in .c.
If make finds the .c file (program.c in our example) as well as the .o file, it would check their timestamps to make sure the .o was newer. If it was not newer or did not exist, it would use another built-in rule to build a new .o from the .c (using the C compiler). This same type of situation exists for other programming languages. The end result, in any case, is that when make is done, assuming it can find the right pieces, the executable program will be built and up to date.
The old UNIX joke, by the way, is what early versions of make said when it could not find the necessary files. In the example above, if there was no program.o, program.c or any other source format, the program would have said: make: don’t know how to make program. Stop.
Getting back to the task at hand, the default file for additional rules in Makefile in the current directory. If you have some source files for a program and there is a Makefile file there, take a look. It is just text. The lines that have a word followed by a colon are targets. That is, these are words you can type following the make command name to do various things. If you just type make with no target, the first target will be executed.
What you will likely see at the beginning of most Makefile files are what look like some assignment statements. That is, lines with a couple of fields with an equal sign between them. Surprise, that is what they are. They set internal variables in make. Common things to set are the location of the C compiler (yes, there is a default), version numbers of the program and such.
This now beings up back to configure. On different systems, the C compiler might be in a different place, you might be using ZSH instead of BASH as your shell, the program might need to know your host name, it might use a dbm library and need to know if the system had gdbm or ndbm and a whole bunch of other things. You used to do this configuring by editing Makefile. Another pain for the programmer and it also meant that any time you wanted to install software on a new system you needed to do a complete inventory of what was where.
As more and more software became available and more and more POSIX-compliant platforms appeared, this got harder and harder. This is where configure comes in. It is a shell script (generally written by GNU Autoconf) that goes up and looks for software and even tries various things to see what works. It then takes its instructions from Makefile.in and builds Makefile (and possibly some other files) that work on the current system.
Background work done, let me put the pieces together.
You run configure (you usually have to type ./configure as most people don’t have the current directory in their search path). This builds a new Makefile. Type make This builds the program. That is, make would be executed, it would look for the first target in Makefile and do what the instructions said. The expected end result would be to build an executable program. Now, as root, type make install. This again invokes make, make finds the target install in Makefile and files the directions to install the program.
References: http://tldp.org/LDP/LG/current/smith.html
Computer Networking: Question: Why can't i connect my kindle to the internet?
Computer Networking /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Why can't i connect my kindle to the internet? Posted: 08 Jan 2016 02:08 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160108020819AAIuylE I just got a kindle for my birthday and I couldn't connect it to the Wi-Fi. I can use the Wi-Fi with my computer, I-Pad and all the other things but I couldn't connect my kindle to Wi-Fi. I've tried everything. I know my Wi-Fi's password and I've tried advanced and it didn't work. I really don't want to do it manually. I've tried the suggestions on this website and others but none of them work. Help plz? /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: What is the fastest way to familiarize myself with the fundamentals of Routers/Streaming Video/Web Applications? Posted: 08 Jan 2016 12:10 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160108001026AAdxX2J I just found a really great job ad that I am excited to apply for, and I am perfect for it considering it is a customer service position for experienced gamers. Everything else about the ad applies to me perfectly, but they also added at the end that they are looking for people with the aforementioned knowledge, which is an area I have not been familiar with. I want to be ready with something if it comes up. Any helpful links or guides? /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: I am located in HK and UK. I have 150 mbps in UK, HK 1.5 gbps? Which would be faster, accessing a similar website to buy a product THX? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 10:32 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107223214AAR47Gb I am located in HK and UK. I have internet speed of 150 mbps in UK, and 1.5gbps in HK? Which would be faster, accessing a similar website (server located in Europe) to buy a product. I am wondering if the distance reduces and negates the effect of much faster internet, or would my HK connection still be faster. Thanks! I am located in HK (Asia) and UK (Europe). I have internet speed of 150 mbps in UK, and 1.5gbps in HK? Which would be faster, accessing a similar website (server located in Europe) to buy a product. I am wondering if the distance reduces and negates the effect of much faster internet, or would my HK connection still be faster. Thanks! /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Can you do anything with a certificate in computer networking? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 08:45 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107204534AAjdsgt I am looking into vocational schools because i'm 18 and would like a somewhat stable career that can help to pay for college maybe. Thank you /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Slow download speed compared to What i pay for? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 07:43 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107194323AAMm2Ge I currently have 125 mbps download speeds from Comcast, and when i try to download files from the internet, i am only able to achieve 5 Mbps max. I'm currently using Ethernet, and when i switch to wifi, i get around 600 kbps download speeds I made sure that the only other devices that are using the internet are my phone and my work laptop. Any help would be appreciated /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Is Astrill VPN down for anyone else? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 07:06 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107190603AAjWXEJ I paid for 1 year of their service, and it hasn't been working for hours now here in China which impact my job. Is anyone else having issues? This is really unprofessional. /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: How I should address the error when installing the glibc-2.14 package? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 07:01 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107190141AAcZhD5 My operating system is Linux RedHat 6.3，GCC environment for the 4.4.6 version ，when I make install glibc-2.14 reported the following error: When I installed glibc 2.14 reported the following error collect2: ld returned 1 exit status Execution of gcc failed! The script has found some problems with your installation! Please read the FAQ and the README file and check the following: - Did you change the gcc specs file (necessary after upgrading from Linux libc5)? - Are there any symbolic links of the form libXXX.so to old libraries? Links like libm.so -> libm.so.5 (where libm.so.5 is an old library) are wrong, libm.so should point to the newly installed glibc file - and there should be only one such link (check e.g. /lib and /usr/lib) You should restart this script from your build directory after you've fixed all problems! Btw. the script doesn't work if you're installing GNU libc not as your primary library! make[1]: *** [install] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/glibc-2.14.1' make: *** [install] error 2 /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Port Forwarding Help? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 06:09 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107180923AANPC3C Okay so I m using an uncommon modem [Sagemcom F@ST 4315]. I ve found the port forwarding section and entered the required ports for the game I m using, Team Fortress 2. Team Fortress 2 shares the same ports as Half-Life, and I after forwarding I went on http://www.whatsmyip.org/port-scanner/games/ to check. Now for the weird part. Every port says timed out but the port I specifically forwarded, the Half-Life one, says it is closed. Anyone know a fix? Thanks. /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Is it bad to keep your torrents seeding? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 06:05 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107180531AAKQRsJ /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: I have a question for people who uses vpn or tor for deep webs? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 04:43 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107164318AAIPo0b i have a question about it if should use the same device acessing my emaill etc.informtion basically into my device . i am aware of using th programs like tor can hide my ip address . i want to know the risk of using the same device i aceess information . i am guessing if a kacker can hack my device would it cosider me more easier since i access my email ;social networks in the same device. i want to know with out using private infromation or social newtwork would i have a greater chance of no discovering my infromation or ip adresss /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: I have a phone that doesn't have wifi capability. can i use a wifi adapter for it? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 04:21 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107162139AA5BeBI /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: How do I connect a Samsung galaxy note pro to cable based internet? Do I need a wireless modem? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 04:16 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107161639AApLfN3 /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Do schools know what you're doing at all times? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 04:02 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107160210AAIHn11 I drew and did not type something on explain everything which as an app that doesn't need wifi and i know its immature but my school uses vpn but it wasn't on at the time and the wifi wasn't on does that mean they will get me in trouble but my friends sometimes did it on my ipad and I know they drew some very bad stuff before /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Wifi won't work on iPhone 6? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 03:37 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107153717AA6XFJG My dad blocked the wifi and pretty much everything on my phone and recently he unblocked everything but my home wifi still doesn't work. It works everywhere except at the home one, so whats the problem? It connects but doesn't load anything, also please note that it works on every other network (starbucks, panera, etc) except for ours. /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: I'm having problems with my modem. The light on the modem is turning orange on DSL and power. Is there something wrong with my my modem? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 03:35 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107153519AAF8SLj This will get fixed in 15 minutes but then the problem starts all over again should I call my internet provider or is there something I could do. /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: How to block erroneous 550 error message in Postfix? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 03:25 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107152545AAnOw5u I was recently given the admin duties for a Postfix mail server. Many users are complaining that they are being spammed by a rejection message (550) from a server in China. It appears as if someone is sending emails to this chinese mail server and sender is spoofing where the email originated from. They're putting in our mail server info. So when they send to a non-existent user on that chinese mail server, our mail server gets the rejection notices. Being very new to Linux and Postfix cloud someone please explain how I would block those 550 Error Messages? Thank you. /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Is a Arris Touchstone Telephony Modem the same as a arris model tm722g/ct? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 03:09 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107150919AACY7UA /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: I want to see how many devices are connected t my wi-fi? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 02:19 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107141931AAAbmjt /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Where did you get your wifi or how do I get a $25-$30 dollar a month wifi for my house.? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 12:59 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107125906AA4J32e /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: How do I find my password for my EA2700 router? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 12:21 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107122153AApTk1A /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: My wifi on windows 8 is not turning on its says wifi(Off) and thats i tried disabling airplane mode but still? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 12:03 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107120357AAKKaIg /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Is my internet speed good? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 12:01 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107120144AAYUw5M I went on Speedtest.net and this was my rating. I really just want to know if it s good or bad. Ping: 51 ms Download Speed: 11.12 Mbps Upload Speed: 0.51 Mbps /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Our ISP's internet connection speeds for homes and bizznesses. my cable speed is 10mbps and is? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 11:47 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107114749AAr2ZTa 36.5 times my old dialup speed. but how much faster is bizzness's dialup, dsl and broadband speeds than home dialup? whats oboma's speed (guess if u have to).? yeah i meant business. /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Why is my Ethernet cable not working? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 09:35 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107093517AAqQw3M i have pluged my Ethernet cable into my desk top and it keeps coming up with unidentified network and when i diagnose the problem it says that there iis 1 or more network protocols are missing then when i ask my computer to automatically fix it it could not can someone please help thanks /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: How can I fix this network connection problem on Dell Inspiron 1520? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 09:33 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107093358AAjvBsI My parents gave my son their old laptop. They hardly used it since they had it (2007). The system works fine but with some expected lag; it still runs Windows XP. I did a factory reset on the system and everything went good. I tried connecting to my wireless internet and it says connected but the websites are not avalible. I've tried various cmd attempt to reset log... checked ip and everything was there. It did say my media state was "media disconnected". The LAN setting is the only one showing no connection. Do I really have to connect the laptop to an ether cord and router before it will pick up my network? Help, it's for my son's bday, tomorrow! /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Gopro wifi troubles? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 09:12 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107091250AAXUIpb I accidently reset the wifi on my already setup Gopro hero+ and now I cannot get it to reconnect to my Samsung phone since the wifi signal is gone. Is there a way to restore it? /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: How do you fix the Windows XP acquiring network problem? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 08:21 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107082100AA7AbE4 /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: How do I get my IP address in my port number? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 07:42 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107074241AAJ2MhO /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Could someone please config this me? I'm so behind and have tons of work to do. Enter it in notepad. Much appreciated guys! Thanks!? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 07:39 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107073925AAtbxv0 /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: How to hack a WiFi? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 06:02 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107060208AAbbsRi /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: A good yet reasonably priced router? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 05:13 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107051318AAvaj8V I live in a 700 sq ft 1 bedroom apartment and my modem and routers rein my living room. The Internet come too does not reach my room. It really isn't that far away, 20ft at the most. My router is about 4 years old too. What router would you recommend me to buy? My budget is about $70, also if it's from Best Buy it would be better but I'm open to any suggestion.
Other - Computers: Question: Please help me?
Other - Computers /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Please help me? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 08:00 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107080008AA4Cqo7 Student Assignment: You are a stringer for your local newspaper, covering local sports events. For a special football spread, you have taken video footage that amounts to 10 GB (gigabytes). You have also taken digital images that amount to 100 MB (megabytes) in size. Your boss, the newspaper sports editor, wants to preview your video and photo files. What is the best way to share your videos and digital photos with her? Create a letter of at least 250 words addressed to your newspaper editor that describes your storage options, and give at least three reasons why your option is the best choice. /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: I keep getting electric chocks when i touch thing after i upgraded the GPU of my cumputer (i did not wear a static band)? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 06:56 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107065610AAU8JGp /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: HELPPP! NEW PHONE!? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 06:08 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107060816AAzFu5u I recently got a new phone (BLU Neo 4.5) and I dont know how to add music to this phone. Its not as easy as just dragging music to a folder it's way more complicated. I searched up how to add music on this phone and just keeps telling me to subscribe to google play and buy music but I want to add my own music. Please help!!!!!! /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: In Linux can a user delete another user's home directory? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 05:58 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107055844AAJvS6N eg can user2 delete the directory /home/user1? the directory exists and everyone has write(delete) rights to it /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Can someone clear up how iCloud storage works? How do I know which photos on my iPad are stored in the cloud? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 03:29 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107032928AAFeNcF I have a 64 gb ipad that I pretty much only use to store pictures/videos. I'm halfway through the storage, bought some iCloud space, but how would I know that a picture on the iPad is safe and in the cloud? I don't want to delete it to make space on the iPad and then it be gone forever. Another thing is, of I did delete that picture and wanted to view it later, could I restore it from iCloud using my iPad? /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Want to remove some of my favourites? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 03:13 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107031342AAlOSNI /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: VLC player doesn't play the subwoofer...? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 01:34 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107013420AAY4Vnf VLC player doesn't play the subwoofer, even when set to directX sound with 5.1 surround and my (correct) speakerset selected. The file is .ac3, directly converted from youtube, which DOES play the subwoofer. Thanks in advance for any clarification! /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Stereo mix is missing on windows 10... And I tried everything? Posted: 07 Jan 2016 01:18 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160107011853AAb63eB I reinstalled the realtek codecs, I did the show disabled devises, I updated all my drivers, I even uninstalled every single one of them and reinstalled them, I even tried downloading stereo mix plus... And none of it worked, stereo mix is still missing. I don't know what to do anymore I've tried everything I could find on the internet so if you have anything at all that I could try please just write it, I'm desperate... /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: How I should address the error when installing the glibc-2.14 package? Posted: 06 Jan 2016 11:50 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160106235037AAsrKWF /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: How to become a camboy? Posted: 06 Jan 2016 07:10 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160106191049AA02q4s I'm thinking about becoming a male cam model. I've been reading online and read that most male cam models are gay. Since I'm straight is there any way I can still become a cam model or a stunt c@ck for a girl on cam? /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: How do I turn off my private browsing? I m a senior citizen with memory issues help!? Posted: 06 Jan 2016 07:04 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160106190446AApmk79 /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: If I sent someone a message on KIK messenger and then block them shortly after, do they receive the message? It was one of those goodbyes? Posted: 06 Jan 2016 06:10 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160106181021AAXh9yy /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Is Chacarron Macarron the biggest troll song of the 21st century? Posted: 06 Jan 2016 05:12 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160106171239AAcukYi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_i4t5BNV1KE /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: How do I delete the auto filloption screen from my computer? Posted: 06 Jan 2016 05:07 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160106170741AAVCdiU /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Will Netflix use a lot of data ? Posted: 06 Jan 2016 02:47 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160106144713AAMgUvW I know there were a lot of questions about this already, but I was confused on Netflix s GB thing on their website. Everyone says Netflix will eat up your data quickly, but when put on the low GB it s only .3 GB an hour, so it reduces it by a lot, right? Is there a catch to this? I m not necessarily concerned about my data since I have unlimited, but once I reach 2.5 GB it slows down I guess (Virgin Mobile). I m going on a long basketball bus ride and I really want to watch my show.. that s the other thing, I don t watch movies I watch TV shows.. they re usually 40 minutes, does that make a difference? I also don t pay for NetflixHD, it s just regular. Any help/advice is greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance& /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Gaming Laptop Help!? Posted: 06 Jan 2016 12:09 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160106120945AABc1rf Hello! I'm split between gaming laptops right now! I'm considering two different models of the same computer. They look fairly similar, with the same amount of RAM, same processor speed and same graphics card, but one is a year newer with newer components. Though the newer one is also $600 more expensive. I'd like to be able to play Fallout 4/Whatever next Elder Scrolls game comes out as well as Battlefield 4/5 maxed out at 60fps. Is $600 really worth the difference between these two? Here are the models: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0163ACSD2/ref=s9_simh_gw_g147_i3_r?pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_s=desktop-1&pf_rd_r=0FJWY39RBC7A2WKPEVTE&pf_rd_t=36701&pf_rd_p=2079475242&pf_rd_i=desktop http://www.amazon.com/G751JY-WH71-WX-17-Inch-GeForce-Version/dp/B015QZPRW4/ref=pd_sim_sbs_147_3?ie=UTF8&dpID=41kWIp2dwOL&dpSrc=sims&preST=_AC_UL160_SR160%2C160_&refRID=0VXQ0E9R3NJV17N9X96A Thank you =D /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Couple of quick unix questions? Posted: 06 Jan 2016 10:15 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160106101553AA10se8 1 What attributes are stored on an inode? 2 What is the most dangerous command in UNIX and why? 3 Give two actions that even the root user cannot perform? /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: What actually is geo-tagging? Posted: 06 Jan 2016 10:06 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160106100652AAfOobx /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: I can't sleep at night. I miss my morning works everyday. How can I change it? Posted: 06 Jan 2016 10:06 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160106100603AARjizv /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: I am looking for a good cheap (>25 Euro) screen for my portable n64 project, it may be second-hand. Does anyone have any suggestions? Posted: 06 Jan 2016 09:19 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160106091954AACvcCh /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: When I installed glibc 2.14 reported the following error? Posted: 05 Jan 2016 07:34 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160105193440AAsFZv4 When I installed glibc 2.14 reported the following error collect2: ld returned 1 exit status Execution of gcc failed! The script has found some problems with your installation! Please read the FAQ and the README file and check the following: - Did you change the gcc specs file (necessary after upgrading from Linux libc5)? - Are there any symbolic links of the form libXXX.so to old libraries? Links like libm.so -> libm.so.5 (where libm.so.5 is an old library) are wrong, libm.so should point to the newly installed glibc file - and there should be only one such link (check e.g. /lib and /usr/lib) You should restart this script from your build directory after you've fixed all problems! Btw. the script doesn't work if you're installing GNU libc not as your primary library! make[1]: *** [install] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/glibc-2.14.1' make: *** [install] error 2 My operating system is Linux RedHat 6.3，GCC environment for the 4.4.6 version ，when I make install glibc-2.14 reported the following error:
Programming & Design: Question: Anyone know game development recruiting forums other than the ones listed below?
Programming & Design /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Anyone know game development recruiting forums other than the ones listed below? Posted: 06 Jan 2016 01:05 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160106130554AAs48Ug DevShed Reddit (various subreddits) Unity Scirra Byond IndieGamer Eclipse /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: How do you that code? Posted: 06 Jan 2016 12:42 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160106124213AA5huoo /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: SVG animation button help? Posted: 06 Jan 2016 12:25 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160106122516AABAiTl I have a client who has been request unigue featres on his website. He found this button, http://tympanus.net/codrops/2014/04/09/how-to-create-a-circular-progress-button/, that he wants me to utilize on his contact us form on his site. I have successfully have the button appearing on the site stylized and all. but every time i click it it simply reloads the page and process the .php file to email the response to who he has designated. I do not get the animations he is looking for. Any incite would be great. /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: In "fortran" how can I use an .exe file whit out having its code and just by having its interface ! so can you give me an example please? Posted: 06 Jan 2016 12:23 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160106122332AA9oIUg /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Visual Basic: How to add each character of a string to one char array with 10 empty elements. (Console Application)? Posted: 06 Jan 2016 12:16 PM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160106121606AA4bUJf For example: I have an array of strings. I've taken one string (word) from the array and now I want to add each character of that word to an char array. /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: I just finished Codeacademy s course on Ruby, I want to start experimenting and building apps so what now ? Posted: 06 Jan 2016 11:37 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160106113734AAG2JZu Hello, I ve just finished codeacademy s course on Ruby. Before that I ve had already finished a book on Ruby so right now I m really familiar with Ruby. I want to start writing small apps for PC and maybe for mobile but I have no idea which path I should go with, where to start. Thanks in advance! /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: Need a invation code for mobilevids? Posted: 06 Jan 2016 11:37 AM PST https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160106113701AAFsBoW /////////////////////////////////////////// Question: What does error code 1235 mean? 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New Post has been published on Kernel | IT Security & Applications
New Post has been published on http://www.kernelops.com/build-issues-with-osx-mavericks/
Build Issues with OSX Mavericks
So, I recently ran into some issues when trying to build just about anything from source on OSX Mavericks (10.9). Of course, you need Xcode and the Xcode Command Line Tools installed, but that wasn’t helping. I could run ./configure but this is what I would get when running make
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make all-recursive Making all in src Making all in sfutil gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../.. -I.. -I/usr/local/include/mysql -DENABLE_MYSQL -g -O2 -Wall -c getopt_long.c gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../.. -I.. -I/usr/local/include/mysql -DENABLE_MYSQL -g -O2 -Wall -c sfmemcap.c gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../.. -I.. -I/usr/local/include/mysql -DENABLE_MYSQL -g -O2 -Wall -c sfprimetable.c gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../.. -I.. -I/usr/local/include/mysql -DENABLE_MYSQL -g -O2 -Wall -c sfxhash.c gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../.. -I.. -I/usr/local/include/mysql -DENABLE_MYSQL -g -O2 -Wall -c sf_ip.c gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../.. -I.. -I/usr/local/include/mysql -DENABLE_MYSQL -g -O2 -Wall -c sf_iph.c gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../.. -I.. -I/usr/local/include/mysql -DENABLE_MYSQL -g -O2 -Wall -c sf_ipvar.c sf_ipvar.c:39:17: warning: unused function 'sfvar_list_compare' [-Wunused-function] static SFIP_RET sfvar_list_compare(sfip_node_t *, sfip_node_t *); ^ 1 warning generated. gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../.. -I.. -I/usr/local/include/mysql -DENABLE_MYSQL -g -O2 -Wall -c sf_textlog.c gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../.. -I.. -I/usr/local/include/mysql -DENABLE_MYSQL -g -O2 -Wall -c sf_vartable.c rm -f libsfutil.a ar cru libsfutil.a getopt_long.o sfmemcap.o sfprimetable.o sfxhash.o sf_ip.o sf_iph.o sf_ipvar.o sf_textlog.o sf_vartable.o /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib: file: libsfutil.a(sf_iph.o) has no symbols ranlib libsfutil.a /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib: file: libsfutil.a(sf_iph.o) has no symbols Making all in output-plugins gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../.. -I.. -I ../sfutil -I/usr/local/include/mysql -DENABLE_MYSQL -g -O2 -Wall -c spo_alert_arubaaction.c gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../.. -I.. -I ../sfutil -I/usr/local/include/mysql -DENABLE_MYSQL -g -O2 -Wall -c spo_alert_bro.c gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../.. -I.. -I ../sfutil -I/usr/local/include/mysql -DENABLE_MYSQL -g -O2 -Wall -c spo_alert_cef.c In file included from spo_alert_cef.c:66: ../strlcatu.h:24:8: error: expected parameter declarator size_t strlcat(char *, const char *, size_t); ^ /usr/include/secure/_string.h:111:44: note: expanded from macro 'strlcat' __builtin___strlcat_chk (dest, src, len, __darwin_obsz (dest)) ^ /usr/include/secure/_common.h:39:62: note: expanded from macro '__darwin_obsz' #define __darwin_obsz(object) __builtin_object_size (object, _USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 1 ? 1 : 0) ^ /usr/include/secure/_common.h:30:32: note: expanded from macro '_USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL' # define _USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL 2 ^ In file included from spo_alert_cef.c:66: ../strlcatu.h:24:8: error: expected ')' /usr/include/secure/_string.h:111:44: note: expanded from macro 'strlcat' __builtin___strlcat_chk (dest, src, len, __darwin_obsz (dest)) ^ /usr/include/secure/_common.h:39:62: note: expanded from macro '__darwin_obsz' #define __darwin_obsz(object) __builtin_object_size (object, _USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 1 ? 1 : 0) ^ /usr/include/secure/_common.h:30:32: note: expanded from macro '_USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL' # define _USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL 2 ^ ../strlcatu.h:24:8: note: to match this '(' /usr/include/secure/_string.h:111:44: note: expanded from macro 'strlcat' __builtin___strlcat_chk (dest, src, len, __darwin_obsz (dest)) ^ /usr/include/secure/_common.h:39:53: note: expanded from macro '__darwin_obsz' #define __darwin_obsz(object) __builtin_object_size (object, _USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 1 ? 1 : 0) ^ In file included from spo_alert_cef.c:66: ../strlcatu.h:24:8: warning: type specifier missing, defaults to 'int' [-Wimplicit-int] size_t strlcat(char *, const char *, size_t); ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /usr/include/secure/_string.h:111:44: note: expanded from macro 'strlcat' __builtin___strlcat_chk (dest, src, len, __darwin_obsz (dest)) ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /usr/include/secure/_common.h:39:31: note: expanded from macro '__darwin_obsz' #define __darwin_obsz(object) __builtin_object_size (object, _USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 1 ? 1 : 0) ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In file included from spo_alert_cef.c:66: ../strlcatu.h:24:8: error: conflicting types for '__builtin___strlcat_chk' /usr/include/secure/_string.h:111:3: note: expanded from macro 'strlcat' __builtin___strlcat_chk (dest, src, len, __darwin_obsz (dest)) ^ ../strlcatu.h:24:8: note: '__builtin___strlcat_chk' is a builtin with type 'unsigned long (char *, const char *, unsigned long, unsigned long)' /usr/include/secure/_string.h:111:3: note: expanded from macro 'strlcat' __builtin___strlcat_chk (dest, src, len, __darwin_obsz (dest)) ^ In file included from spo_alert_cef.c:67: ../strlcpyu.h:24:8: error: expected parameter declarator size_t strlcpy(char *, const char *, size_t); ^ /usr/include/secure/_string.h:105:44: note: expanded from macro 'strlcpy' __builtin___strlcpy_chk (dest, src, len, __darwin_obsz (dest)) ^ /usr/include/secure/_common.h:39:62: note: expanded from macro '__darwin_obsz' #define __darwin_obsz(object) __builtin_object_size (object, _USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 1 ? 1 : 0) ^ /usr/include/secure/_common.h:30:32: note: expanded from macro '_USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL' # define _USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL 2 ^ In file included from spo_alert_cef.c:67: ../strlcpyu.h:24:8: error: expected ')' /usr/include/secure/_string.h:105:44: note: expanded from macro 'strlcpy' __builtin___strlcpy_chk (dest, src, len, __darwin_obsz (dest)) ^ /usr/include/secure/_common.h:39:62: note: expanded from macro '__darwin_obsz' #define __darwin_obsz(object) __builtin_object_size (object, _USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 1 ? 1 : 0) ^ /usr/include/secure/_common.h:30:32: note: expanded from macro '_USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL' # define _USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL 2 ^ ../strlcpyu.h:24:8: note: to match this '(' /usr/include/secure/_string.h:105:44: note: expanded from macro 'strlcpy' __builtin___strlcpy_chk (dest, src, len, __darwin_obsz (dest)) ^ /usr/include/secure/_common.h:39:53: note: expanded from macro '__darwin_obsz' #define __darwin_obsz(object) __builtin_object_size (object, _USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 1 ? 1 : 0) ^ In file included from spo_alert_cef.c:67: ../strlcpyu.h:24:8: warning: type specifier missing, defaults to 'int' [-Wimplicit-int] size_t strlcpy(char *, const char *, size_t); ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /usr/include/secure/_string.h:105:44: note: expanded from macro 'strlcpy' __builtin___strlcpy_chk (dest, src, len, __darwin_obsz (dest)) ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /usr/include/secure/_common.h:39:31: note: expanded from macro '__darwin_obsz' #define __darwin_obsz(object) __builtin_object_size (object, _USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 1 ? 1 : 0) ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In file included from spo_alert_cef.c:67: ../strlcpyu.h:24:8: error: conflicting types for '__builtin___strlcpy_chk' /usr/include/secure/_string.h:105:3: note: expanded from macro 'strlcpy' __builtin___strlcpy_chk (dest, src, len, __darwin_obsz (dest)) ^ ../strlcpyu.h:24:8: note: '__builtin___strlcpy_chk' is a builtin with type 'unsigned long (char *, const char *, unsigned long, unsigned long)' /usr/include/secure/_string.h:105:3: note: expanded from macro 'strlcpy' __builtin___strlcpy_chk (dest, src, len, __darwin_obsz (dest)) ^ 2 warnings and 6 errors generated. make[3]: *** [spo_alert_cef.o] Error 1 make[2]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 make: *** [all] Error 2
My errors were apparently due to how OS X now treats header files and pulls them from a macro instead of a plain old .h file. In my research, it looks like replacing the strlcpyu.h strlcatu.h files located in my build applications /src directory contents with:
strlcpyu.h #ifndef HAVE_STRLCPY size_t strlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t size); #endif
strlcatu.h #ifndef HAVE_STRLCAT size_t strlcat(char *dst, const char *src, size_t size); #endif
Yes, I know it’s not the prettiest fix and I’m more than happy to hear of any suggestions to fix this… after all, I don’t want to have to edit the offending header file for every build I do!
Хочется взять и расстрелять, или ликбез о том, почему не стоит использовать make install
Суть сводится к тому, что эту команду в виде «make install» или «sudo make install» использовать в современных дистрибутивах нельзя.
Но ведь авторы программ в руководствах по установке пишут, что нужно использовать эту команду, возможно, скажете вы. Да, пишут. Но это лишь означает, что они не знают, какой у вас дистрибутив, и дистрибутив ли это вообще, может, вы вступили в секту и обкурилисьчитались LFS и теперь решили под свою хтоническую систему скомпилять их творение. А make install является универсальным, хоть и зачастую неправильным способом это сделать.
Лирическое отступление
Как известно, для нормальной работы большинство софта должно быть не только скомпилировано, но и правильно установлено в системе. Программы ожидают найти нужные им файлы в определённых местах, и места эти в большинстве *nix-систем зашиты в код на этапе компиляции. Помимо этого аспекта основным отличием процесса установки в linux/freebsd/whatever от таковой в Windows и MacOS является то, что программа не просто складывает кучу файлов в отдельную директорию в Program Files или /Applications, а «размазывает» себя по всей файловой системе. Библиотеки идут в lib, исполняемые файлы в bin, конфиги в etc, разного рода данные в var и так далее. Если вам вдруг понадобится её обновить, то всё это надо сначала как-то вычистить, т. к. при использовании новой версии остатки файлов от старой могут привести к совершенно непредсказуемым последствиям, зачастую нехорошим. Вероятность этого события не так велика, но оно вам надо на боевом сервере?
И что с того?
Так вот, если вы делали установку напрямую через make install, то нормально удалить или обновить софтину вы, скорее всего, не сможете. Более того, установка новой версии поверх старой, скорее всего, затрёт ваши изменения в конфигах. make install делает ровно то, что ему сказано — производит установку файлов в нужные места, игнорируя тот факт, что там что-то уже есть. После этого процесса совершенно никакой информации о том, что и куда ставилось, получить в удобоваримом виде невозможно. Иногда, конечно, Makefile поддерживает действие uninstall, но это встречается не так часто, да и не факт, что корректно работает. Помимо этого хранить для деинсталяции распакованное дерево исходников и правил сборки как-то странно.
Как бороться?
Поскольку в дистрибутивах пакеты имеют свойство иногда всё-таки обновляться, для решения этой проблемы придумали такую штуку как пакетный менеджер. При его использовании установка происходит примерно так:
берётся определённым образом сформированный архив
из него извлекается информация о том, что это вообще такое, какой версии, от чего зависит, с чем конфликтует, надо ли для установки/удаления/настройки запускать какие-то скрипты, etc
Выполняются действия по непосредственной установке
Все данные о том, куда и что было поставлено добавляются в базу данных пакетного менеджера.
В этом случае при обновлении можно безболезненно поудалять лишнее, а заодно посмотреть, не поменялись ли в системе файлы, помеченные как конфигурационные и спросить, что делать, если в новой версии их содержимое отличается. Помимо этого, пакетный менеджер не даст затереть файлы одного пакета при установке другого. В общем, много полезных штук он может сделать.
Если вы по незнанию/лени скопипастили make install из инструкции, то в системе появляются файлы, о которых пакетный менеджер не знает. Со всеми вытекающими, если вам мало того, что было перечислено ранее.
Что делать?
Можно, конечно, сконфигурировать дерево исходников так, чтобы установка всего и вся шла куда-нибудь в /opt/mycoolapp/, а потом при необходимости руками удалить, но тут может вылезти масса неприятных вещей, начиная с того, что программа ожидает, что сможет загрузить свои библиотеки, а загрузчик о директории, где они лежат ничего не знает, заканчивая тем, что автор программы может рассчитывать, что например, если он кладёт файл, скажем в $prefix/share/xsessions/, то его подхватит менеджер дисплея. Не говоря уже о путях для pkgconfig и прочем.
Так что надо собирать пакет.
У меня нет времени, чтобы ***ться с этим, лучше ещё раз сделаю make install, всё просто и понятно!
Спокойно, спокойно. Он у нас за ноги привязан. Всё не так уж страшно и сложно, как кажется на первый взгляд.
checkinstall
Данная чудесная утилита, будучи запущенной вместо make install задаст несколько вопросов, после чего сама соберёт и установит пакет. Всё, при обновлении никаких проблем с вычисткой старого хлама у вас не будет.
Сборка deb-пакета вручную
Если вы не склонны доверять такой автоматике (которая иногда всё же косячит) или же хочется внести пару изменений, но разбираться с нормальным процессом сборки пакетов всё же лениво, то можно собрать пакет ручками. Я привожу способ, как соорудить его для систем на базе Debian, т. к. лучше всего знаком именно с ними. Он не является идеологически правильным, но на выходе получается вполне корректный пакет без задействования дополнительных сущностей. Делается это следующим образом.
Для начала собираем софт с предварительно указанными для configure или autogen.sh параметрами --prefix=/usr и --exec-prefix=/usr.
Далее производим установку во временную директорию. Пишем:
fakeroot
make install DESTDIR=`pwd`/tempinstall
После чего получаем в свежесозданной директории весь тот набор файлов файлов. Кстати, мы сейчас находимся в fakeroot-окружении, т. е. можно невозбранно менять владельца и права доступа файлов, но физически в системе владельцем останетесь вы сами. Софт же внутри fakeroot-сессии будет получать изменённую информацию, что позволит упаковать в архив файлы с корректными правами.
Далее создадим в «корне пакета» директорию DEBIAN и сложим в DEBIAN/conffiles список всех файлов, которые должны попасть в /etc:
cd tempinstall
mkdir DEBIAN
find etc | sed "s/^/\//" > DEBIAN/conffiles
После чего создаём файл DEBIAN/control следующего содержания:
Package: имя_пакета
Version: 1.2.3
Architecture: amd64/i386/armel/all
Maintainer: Можете вписать своё имя, можете дребедень, но если оставить пустым, то dpkg будет ругаться
Depends: Тут можно вписать список пакетов через запятую.
Priority: optional
Description: Тоже надо что-нибудь вписать, чтобы не кидало предупреждения
При необходимости там же можно создать скрипты preinst, postinst, prerm и postrm.
Всё, делаем dpkg -b tempintall и получаем на выходе tempinstall.deb, на который можно натравить dpkg -i и который корректно установится, обновится или удалится.
«Правильный» процесс с предварительным созданием пакета исходного кода выходит за рамки данной заметки, а потому описан не будет, но для ваших целей оно обычно и не нужно.
Заключение
Как видите, тут нет абсолютно ничего сложного, но выполнение этих действий избавит вас от огромного числа проблем в будущем.