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A Glimpse of the Solar Wind
In December 2024, Parker Solar Probe made its closest pass yet to our Sun. In doing so, it captured the detailed images seen here, where three coronal mass ejections -- giant releases of plasma, twisted by magnetic fields -- collide in the Sun's corona. (Image credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Naval Research Lab; video credit: NASA Goddard; via Gizmodo) Read the full article
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MHD story number one:
I’ve seen a railgun that liquefied copper with high voltage and then used magnetohydrodynamics to accelerate the liquid. It went right through the roof of the building without slowing down, which, white hot copper, it goes where it wants. It was fired at night. The rapidly ascending copper lost its incandescence after a hundred or two hundred feet, so we lost sight of it. We probably shouldn’t have fired it repeatedly in the middle of the city, but we did. If you’ve been hit by copper balls falling from a great height, that was why. I’m sorry but it was so beautiful.
A new material to unearth mysteries of magnetic fields
Journeying to the center of the Earth, a la Jules Verne, won't be happening anytime soon. A new material made from a liquid metal and magnetic particles, however, could make it much easier for researchers to recreate the powerful forces at the planet's core.
"We can potentially reproduce some of the phenomena seen in planets and stars with this material," said Eric Brown, assistant professor of mechanical engineering and materials science at Yale and senior author of a study published Jan. 30 in the journal Physical Review Fluids.
The new material is made from an alloy of indium and gallium (eGaIn) with various particles suspended within it. When flowing, its ability to generate or modify magnetic fields is up to five times greater than that of pure liquid metal. That, along with a significant increase in electrical conductivity, means researchers can use the material to study the effects of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)—the magnetic properties of conductive fluids usually only observable in the cores of planets and stars.
One challenge of suspending particles in liquid metals is that the air oxidizes the skin of the metals, keeping particles on the surface. The researchers got around this by submerging the liquid metal in an acid solution, which removes and prevents oxidation.
Read more.
Our Best Look Yet at a Solar Flare
Scientists have unveiled the sharpest images ever captured of a solar flare. Taken by the Inouye Solar Telescope, the image includes coronal loop strands as small as 48 kilometers wide and 21 kilometers thick--the smallest ones ever imaged. (Video and Image credit: NSF/NSO/AURA; research credit: C. Tamburri et al.; via Gizmodo)
Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability
If you send a shock wave through a magnetized plasma--something that happens in both supernova explosions and inertial confinement fusion--it can trigger an instability known as the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. (Image and research credit: O. Thompson et al.)
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Sprites and ELVES
Although we are most familiar with the white, branching lightning caused by electrical discharge between clouds and the ground, there are many types of lightning. This fortuitous image captures two: tentacled red sprites and ring-like ELVES. (Image credit: V. Binotto; via APOD)
"500,000-km Solar Prominence Eruption"
It's difficult at times to fathom the scale and power of fluid dynamics beyond our day-to-day lives. Here, twists of the Sun's magnetic field propel a jet of plasma more than 500,000 kilometers out from its surface in an enormous solar prominence eruption. (Image credit: P. Chou; via Colossal)
Shining in the Sky
Shades of blue, green, and purple light the Icelandic sky in this image from December 2023. Incoming solar wind particles hit oxygen and nitrogen atoms high in the atmosphere, exciting their electrons and creating this distinctive glow. (Image credit: J. Zhang; via APOD)
