#machine learning research

Training traditional AI models usually requires mountains of data—millions of images, thousands of hours of speech, or entire libraries of text. But researchers are now pushing toward a different idea: teaching AI to learn from very small examples. This technique is called few-shot learning. Instead of feeding AI enormous datasets, the model learns to generalize from just a handful of examples.…

One AI assistant is helpful. But what happens when you create a whole group of them and let them interact? Researchers are now experimenting with environments where multiple artificial intelligence systems work together like a small digital society. Instead of one AI completing a task alone, multiple AI agents communicate and collaborate. One agent might gather information, another might…

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Deep Learning, Deconstructed: A Physics-Informed Perspective on AI’s Inner Workings

Dr. Yasaman Bahri’s seminar offers a profound glimpse into the complexities of deep learning, merging empirical successes with theoretical foundations. Dr. Bahri’s distinct background, weaving together statistical physics, machine learning, and condensed matter physics, uniquely positions her to dissect the intricacies of deep neural networks. Her journey from a physics-centric PhD at UC Berkeley, influenced by computer science seminars, exemplifies the burgeoning synergy between physics and machine learning, underscoring the value of interdisciplinary approaches in elucidating deep learning’s mysteries.

At the heart of Dr. Bahri’s research lies the intriguing equivalence between neural networks and Gaussian processes in the infinite width limit, facilitated by the Central Limit Theorem. This theorem, by implying that the distribution of outputs from a neural network will approach a Gaussian distribution as the width of the network increases, provides a probabilistic framework for understanding neural network behavior. The derivation of Gaussian processes from various neural network architectures not only yields state-of-the-art kernels but also sheds light on the dynamics of optimization, enabling more precise predictions of model performance.

The discussion on scaling laws is multifaceted, encompassing empirical observations, theoretical underpinnings, and the intricate dance between model size, computational resources, and the volume of training data. While model quality often improves monotonically with these factors, reaching a point of diminishing returns, understanding these dynamics is crucial for efficient model design. Interestingly, the strategic selection of data emerges as a critical factor in surpassing the limitations imposed by power-law scaling, though this approach also presents challenges, including the risk of introducing biases and the need for domain-specific strategies.

As the field of deep learning continues to evolve, Dr. Bahri’s work serves as a beacon, illuminating the path forward. The imperative for interdisciplinary collaboration, combining the rigor of physics with the adaptability of machine learning, cannot be overstated. Moreover, the pursuit of personalized scaling laws, tailored to the unique characteristics of each problem domain, promises to revolutionize model efficiency. As researchers and practitioners navigate this complex landscape, they are left to ponder: What unforeseen synergies await discovery at the intersection of physics and deep learning, and how might these transform the future of artificial intelligence?

Yasaman Bahri: A First-Principle Approach to Understanding Deep Learning (DDPS Webinar, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, November 2024)