#luxuria

La Seu d'Urgell - Cathedral of Santa Maria

This was an important place already in pre-Roman times, known to Strabo as the city of "Orgialla". A bishopric existed already in 527, when the Bishop of Urgell attended a council in Toledo.

The bishopric here was (and still) is an important one, even the name "La Seu d'Urgell" translates to See of Urgell, and still today the Bishop of Urgell is co-prince of Andorra (The other co-prince is the French president. We will "meet" Mr. Hollande later).

The Cathedral of Santa Maria dates back to the 12th century. It had three predecessors. One of these older cathedrals was consecrated in 839 by Bishop Sisebut in the presence of Sunifred I, father of Wilfred the Hairy (aka Guifré el Pilós), whome we had met so often in Catalonia.

Bishop Otto of Urgell (1095-1122) initiated the present cathedral, planned and built by the architect (a term unknown in that time) "Raimundus Lambardus", but the building remained unfinished for quite a while, due to fights between the diocese and the Count Roger I of Foix, who prefered the Albingensian "heresy". In 1195 La Seu d'Urgell was sieged and looted - and at that time the present cathedral was used as a fortress.

Of course over the next centuries many parts were added and remodelled. Josep Puig i Cadafalch, actually an architect connected to the "Modernista", led the reconstruction of the whole complex from 1918 on.

The northern portal of the Cathedral of Santa Maria is "just" a side door, but it has some extraordinary capitals.

So here is a strange and rare combination of a mermaid and a Luxuria. Both stand for sexual lust, but so far I had never seen them combined. The two snakes have round heads - and eyes! The mermaid/Luxuria, with the typical long hair, has a rather stoic face. She does not seem interested in any kind of communication.

The church of the former Priory Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Benoît is now the parish church of the village. When I visited Perrecy-les-Forges in April 2011 I had the impression, that the church and the museum were locked since years.

Charles Martel, grandfather of Charlemagne and leader of the frankish armee in the Battle of Tours (732), gave the Perrecey estate to his brother Childebrand as a gift to thank him for defeating the Sarascens in the valleys of the Rhone and the Saône in 732. Childebrands heirs bequeated it to the abbey of Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire.

First monks settled here 880/885. Some parts of the westwork may date back to the 9th century. 1020/1030 a romanesque basilica was constructed here. 1120/1130 the large narthex was added, which is - a unique masterpiece.

This capital in the narthex depicts a "Luxuria", sitting/standing in a barrel/bathtube. I have the impression, she is sitting in a bathtube, hands cover her knees. - Compared to the warriors and angels seen here (and all the foliage around), the carving of the Luxuria and the two snakes seems a bit "rough". Even taking in account, that somebody took the effort to destroy her face.

The construction of the late-romanesque hall-church started around 1230. It was dedicated to "St. Lambertus", what is a connection the "Engelbert III von der Mark", a regional noble, who was bishop in Liege, where martyr St. Lambert (aka "Lambert of Maastricht" had been a bishop as well. Engelbert, who later was bishop in Cologne, had a great influence in the area. After the Reformation, the parish converted to Protestantism, but the church was still "St. Lambertus" for a long time. Later, in very sober times, the name was changed to "Evangelische Hauptkirche" (= "Protestant Main Church"). In 1953 a new name was introduced - and since then this is the "Christuskirche".

A capital of the late romanesque southern portal. This is the very left capital on the right side of the portal.

Unfortunately it is very weathered. Not many details are left. On very first sight, I was sure to see a typical Luxuria, a medieval symbol for lust ('voluptas"), an so a kind of icon for one of "The Seven Deadly Sins". Luxurias can be found often in France (eg Moissac, Blessle, Vienne..), but not in Westphalia. Then I tended to a "Master of the Beasts", what can be found in the area (Balve). Later I returned to Luxuria...

The person in the center is a woman. Baids hang down to the shoulders. It is hard to see the arms. I had the impression, that the left arm (her right) goes up - ends in a huge fist, holding the beast, but then I would expect, to see the same/ similar on the other side. This is not the case. Two beasts are hanging down the sidewards. Luxurias are mostly connected with suckling snakes or toads. Here are two (ugly, fat) lizard like creatures (salamanders?), that either are just being breastfed (the breasts are lost) or bite into the stomach. The person either wears a kind of skirt - or stands ontop of a small brick-built structure (tower, chimney). Too many details are missing, but - at this moment - I think this is a Luxuria, what would be pretty special for the area.

Via Flickr

Charlieu Abbey, founded already in 872 was dedicated to Saint Fortunatus, who like Saint Hilary, whom we met in Semur-en-Brionnais, was bishop of Poitiers (600/610). In 932 the abbey was annexed by Cluny, one of the first acquisitions of Cluny, that was founded 910.

Pope Urban II consecrated the new church here in 1094. This has been already the third church here. The narthex was added 1130. The layout of the church is similar to that one of the priory church in Anzy-le-Duc (25kms to the north). Both churches have architectural "roots" in Cluny II, that got demolished in 1088 to make room for Cluny III.

The Benedictine community went through the centuries, the village Charlieu prospered. Times got harder for the monks in the 18th century.

In September 1792 a Revolutionary mob broke into the abbey - and burnt all records. In 1795 the church was sold as a quarry for building materials. The eastern side of the church is gone since then. Of the church only the narthex and the westernmost bay still exist - as ruins. Some parts of the monastery, like the cloister, were reconstructed.

Next to the entrance gate of the narthex (left side) is a Luxuria. As this sculpture was in easy reach, not much is left. She obviously wore a kind of elegant bathrobe with a girdle around her waist. On her right arm are the leftovers of the snake, while the toad on the left is pretty intact.

Hugh of Cluny (aka "Hugh the Great", "Saint Hugh", "Hugh of Semur"), abbot of Cluny, was born in this little village (one of the "Plus beaux villages de France") in May 1024. Hugh had the third abbey church at Cluny (aka Cluny Ill) built, the largest structure in Europe for centuries. He as well had Paray-le-Monial built, he founded Charité-sur-Loire, he was the godfather of Emperor Henry IV (see "Goslar) and an important mediator in the Investiture Controversy.

And Hugh had the former collegiate church Saint-Hilaire, a basilica on a "cluniacensic blueprint" built in his home-village. The construction started of the church 1120/1130.

To the right of the lintel, that tells a story out of the life of Saint Hillary, is this capital.

A Luxuria with a snake and a toad. I have seen a couple of Luxurias over the time, but this one has, compared to others, a strange face. Either, she wears a cap - and these are hair hanging down, or she has a beard, or a combination out of these two. Or these are all wrinkels, standing as a symbol for an "old" and or "ugly" face.

Luxuria is not alone, there is somebody around the corner. Seen on the next shot.

A church existed here before the Moors conquest the iberian peninsula. This church was converted into a mosque in 717. The Franks reconquered Girona in 785 under Charlemagne, and the church was reconsecrated in 908.

Bishop Roger (son of Roger I of Carcassonne) started a reconstruction in 1015. A new church and a cloister were built in romanesque style until 1064. The two towers were completed in 1117.

The cloister was completed already 1064 and most parts are still in the original condition. Like the cloister of Sant Pere de Galligants (less than 500 meters north), the arches of the four galleries are supported by twin columns. But - this cloister is about one century older. Here is a different style of carving, actually here are more than just one artistic style.

There are very different themes and topics themes depicted here. Scenes from the bible, dignitaries, people at work, hunting scenes, birds...

I know, that the quality of this shot is just awful, but as it is not allowed to take photos, I did not have time...

A Luxuria beside playing twins with curly hair. The twins look pretty "baroque". Or is the left tiwn stabbing his brother?

A convent under the patronage of St. Peter was founded in Blesle within the 9th century by Ermengarde d'Auvergne, the mother of Guillaume le Pieux, who founded Cluny in 910. The construction of St. Piere (now a parish church) started end of 11th century. Within a hunderd years, most of the church was built, only the south portal, the tower and parts of the apse were done in the 14th century. "L'église Saint-Pierre" is remarkable for it's interesting layout and the richness of romanesque carvings inside and outside.

Here one of the capitals outside the apse. A carving of "Luxuria" standing for lust, one of the "Seven Deadly Sins". Luxuria is mostly carved, breastfeeding two snakes. Here it is a snake and large frog. The frog itself is a symbol of vanity and lust. Both animals have obviously "excaped" from the two male figures on the side. The leftone holding a round object (tambourine?), the rightone wearing a kind of necklace, maybe a form of moneybag. Note that the Luxuria's legs are lost, only the two feet and a part of a tigh (next to the frog) survived the times.