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There has been a conflict of ideas for a long time on the appropriate time to clamp the umbilical cord after the delivery of a baby. The umbilical cord was clamped in the "early" days within the first minute after the baby's birth, ideally between 15 to 30 seconds. There is mounting evidence that the baby benefits from delaying cord clamping until they are born or until the cord stops beating.

Delaying cord clamping can enhance the baby's blood iron levels for up to six months after birth, preventing anaemia. Later in life, this may result in nervous system issues and learning disabilities.

This is also seen as excellent practice in low-resource areas where newborns do not have convenient or sufficient access to diets high in iron. Children in these areas are more likely to get anaemia, characterised by abnormally low haemoglobin levels in the blood.

Benefits Of Delayed Cord Clamping

For most deliveries, delaying cord clamping has become a standard procedure in the healthcare system. The following are the benefits of delayed cord clamping:

Reduces the possibility of anaemia

Delaying cord clamping increases the baby's blood volume and iron reserves in full-term infants. This additional iron helps prevent anaemia because iron does not transfer well into breast milk. Low red blood cell volume is a defining feature of anaemia. Better development as the baby may result from the increased red blood cell count.

It can be performed along with a C-section

Cord clamping can occur after the placenta has been removed from the mother's uterus; postponing cord clamping after a surgical delivery carries no additional risk to the mother or child.

The method is extremely secure

For healthy moms and babies, there are very few complications related to delaying cord clamping. The major danger of delaying cord clamping is that the extra blood could make you ill with jaundice. Jaundice is a problem that can be identified and is monitored in infants. Placing the infant under a light that aids in reducing excessive bilirubin in the blood is one method of treating jaundice.

For premature infants, the advantages are considerably larger

A boost of pure blood from the umbilical cord can help reduce the risk of significant health problems in premature babies. It has been demonstrated that delaying cord clamping in preterm infants lowers the need for blood transfusions and the risk of intraventricular haemorrhage (a bleed in the baby's brain that may result in lifelong neurologic issues) and necrotising enterocolitis. These two serious complications can affect the baby's intestines).

 Boosts the oxygenation

The newborn has access to more oxygenated blood from the placenta during the transition period; keeping a premature baby linked to the placenta aids in stabilising them. Extremely preterm newborns, particularly those under 31 weeks, will benefit the most from this.

When To Prevent Delayed Cord Clamping?

There are some situations in which delayed cord clamping should be avoided. Delayed cord clamping is not advised in cases where the baby needs immediate medical attention after birth, such as in cases where the mother has an irregular placenta, is bleeding, or is delivering a baby. Medical professionals will swiftly clamp the cord to concentrate on the mother and child's health in these situations.

RJ Corp established the biotech business Cryoviva Biotech Private Limited in Gurgaon in 2016. The processing and storage of high-quality umbilical cord blood stem cells for both private and public donation purposes is our primary goal as one of India's expanding stem cell banks. We have networks in every town in India that offer cutting-edge processing and storage equipment that international authorities have authorised.

Future Prospects For Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells And Existing Developments

Mesenchymal stem cells are also known as medicinal signalling cells. They can make several different types of cells that belong to our skeletal tissues, such as cartilage, bone, and fat. MSCs can produce more than one specialised cell type in the body, but not all. These specialised cells have their characteristic shapes, structures, and functions, each belonging to a particular tissue. 

Where Will You Find Mesenchymal Stem Cells? 

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are initially found in the bone marrow. There have been many claims that they exist in other tissues, such as umbilical cord blood, adipose fat tissue, and muscle. It has not been established whether the stem cells taken from these tissues are similar to the Mesenchymal Stem Cells of the bone marrow. 

Current Finding

The promising features of mesenchymal stem cells, including the regenerative properties and the ability to differentiate into cell lineage, have generated significant interest among researchers whose work has offered intriguing perspectives on cell-based therapies for different diseases. 

Currently, the most commonly used adult stem cells in regenerative medicine are MSC which can be isolated from several tissues and have exhibited a solid capacity to replicate in vitro and differentiate between osteoblast chondrocytes and adipocytes. According to the US National Institutes of Health, 493 MSC-based clinical trials are occurring. 

Future For Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells 

There is a growing need for new technologies to restore, maintain and enhance organ functions. Mesenchymal stem cells, human embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells have appeared to be sources of therapeutic intervention for the future. Below are some possibilities for their use. 

Bone and cartilage repair 

Mesenchymal Stem Cells can differentiate the bone cell and have led to the use in early clinical trials investigating the safety of potential bone repair methods. These studies look at all the possible treatments for localised skeletal defects. The joints can be damaged by sudden injury like falling or a condition known as osteoarthritis, a severe joint disease. Joints cannot repair themselves very well after damage. The treatment for severe cartilage damage is to replace the damaged joints with artificial ones. But MSCs can be injected into patients to repair and maintain the cartilage in the joints. 

 Heart and blood vessel repair

Studies suggest that MSCs can promote the formation of new blood vessels in a process known as neovascularization. A message does not make new blood vessels themselves. Still, with the help of neovascularization, they can, for example, release proteins that stimulate the growth of another cell that will help develop the inner layer of blood vessels. 

Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases