Mga Aspekto Ng Mga Pandiwa
(Galing sa Tagalog for Beginners: An Introduction to Filipino, the National Language of the Philippines 2011)
Disclaimer: I'm learning tagalog, not fluent at all! Cannot guarantee the accuracy of these notes but I'm sharing them as I learn more about the language. Open to corrections!!!
Just as the English Language has verb "tenses", nasa Wikang Filipino ang mga aspekto o "aspects". Sa ilalim ng itong post ay yung mga basics ng mga aspekto at ang mga kanilang english equivalent.
Completed/Perfective = Past Tense
Action started and finished in the past
Incompleted/Imperfective = Present Tense
Action started in the past and is not yet finished
Contemplative = Future Tense
Action has not yet started
Ex: Manonood - will watch
Recent Perfective = Past Perfect and Present Perfect
Action finished JUST before speaking
Ex: Kanonood - just watched
Filipino verbs have different forms such as:
Tulog (Sleep): Natulog -> Natutulog -> Matutulog
Salita (Speak): Nagsalita -> Nagsasalita -> Magsasalita
Takbo (Run): Tumakbo -> Tumatakbo -> Tatakbo
Depending on the word, the changes made between different aspects vary. Though generally it's:
"na"/"nag" + root word (Completed Aspect)
"na"/"nag" + first syllable of root word + root word (Incomplete Aspect)
"ma"/"mag" + first syllable of root word + root word (Contemplative Aspect)
Sa mga pandiwa na may "-um-" sa gitna katulad ng "tumakbo", ito ang kanilang general structure:
ro- um -ot word / T-UM-AKBO (Completed Aspect)
ro- um -o- root word/ T-UM-A-TAKBO (Incompleted Aspect)
ro-root word/ TA-TAKBO (Contemplative Aspect)
So generally, as it moves forward through time, syllables are added and "n" turns into "m"
Ka- prefix is typically used for something that just happened before IN CONTEXT OF VERBS.
Ka- prefix for NOUNS are used if it's close in relation like "kaklase" for classmates, "kagrupo" for groupmates, etc.