#language lesson

Mild Insults

C'est nul - That's lame

Used to express that something is worthless or bad.

T'es chiant(e) - You're annoying

"Chiant" literally means "shitty," but is used to describe someone who is being a nuisance.

T'es con(ne) - You're stupid

"Con" is a common, though vulgar, way to call someone stupid or foolish.

Stronger Insults

Espèce d'idiot(e) - You idiot

Used to call someone an idiot or fool.

Casse-toi - Get lost

A blunt way to tell someone to go away.

Ferme ta gueule - Shut your mouth

Very rude way to tell someone to be quiet. "Gueule" is a vulgar term for mouth.

Tête de nœud - Knucklehead

Insult implying someone is dumb, literally "knot head."

Bouffon - Clown

Used to call someone a fool or idiot.

Connard/Connasse - Jerk/Bitch

Strong insults used to call someone a jerk (male/female).

Insult Phrases

Va te faire foutre - Go screw yourself

Very vulgar way to tell someone off.

Fils de pute - Son of a bitch

Extremely offensive insult.

Ta mère - Your mother

Similar to "Yo mama" jokes, often used to insult someone indirectly.

Insulting Someone's Intelligence

T'es vraiment un abruti - You're really a moron

"Abruti" is a strong term for someone very stupid.

C'est du grand n'importe quoi - That's complete nonsense

Used to describe something utterly senseless.

Espèce de crétin(e) - You moron

"Crétin" is another term for a very foolish person.

Insulting Someone's Behavior

T'es qu'un lâche - You're nothing but a coward

Used to call someone a coward.

T'es qu'une petite merde - You're just a little shit

Very derogatory term implying someone is worthless.

Quel trou du cul - What an asshole

Ok, so this is kinda random, but I decided to try and do this fun sorta language about words of mesoamerica, mostly Aztec and Mayan.

First, starting with the term "Aztec" itself. Aztec is a kinda fun term. It's an exonym that was given to the Natives by the Spanish, tho still in the native Nahuatl language.

(Also, btw, if a word in Nahuatl ends in "tl" the l is silent)

Aztec is a combination of "Aztlan" and the suffix "-teca" which translates to "the people of Aztlan"

Aztlan is a mythical or pseudo-mythical land that's supposedly where the Nahuatl peoples came from, according to their mythology, before eventually the group who'd eventually found Tenochtitlan would be lead their by Huitzilopochtli.

People have tried to find potential candidates for where Aztlan could be, were it to be a real place.

Technically, given the mythology relating to Aztlan, any Nahuatl speaking people such as the Tolteca could also be considered Aztec, tho the term is only ever applied to the Mexica people of Tenochtitlan (and maybe the other people of the triple alliance?)

Jë class, today we will be talking about pronouns in Old Jalo. This probably the hardest part of the language so if you figure this out you will be well on your way to acquiring a completely useless skill.

Basics

Pronouns are divided into 8 genders: pɒ́t (black), tà (blue), tlo (orange), càp (green), mɔ (yellow), po (red), tlɔ (purple), Tlóc (white). Each correspond to a class of words defined by a certain societal job. Black = retired people/ old things, white = children with no job/ young things, blue = any aquatic job, orange = urban jobs, green = foraging/farming, yellow = mining, red = violent jobs, and purple = science jobs. (In this post I will be using pink to represent special pronouns)

"But Hana, how do I form a sentence if there are no person distinctions!!!".

It's easy (most of the time), watch this:

I enchant the weapon

Xana tìm sónc-tsɒ.

"but how's that an application of a pronoun Hana, you just used your name?"

well if later we want to say:

I kill the fish with the weapon

It would translate as:

tlɔ tlupfocúp ónèf-tsɒ po-ús

What happened?

Nouns have unwritten (but mostly obvious) genders so it would probably be more helpful if the sentences were notated like this:

Xana tìm sónc-tsɒ

Tlɔ tlupfocúp ónèf-tsɒ po-ús

The pronouns replace the element of the same gender which can include a person's name. This system can be used to express the ideas that pronouns with person distinctions can express.

Relative Clauses

To create a relative clause in Jallo you simply create a normal clause then nominalize the verb using the nominalizing suffix -me then add a case ending. For example:

I have a weapon that kills people

Tlɔ ɔcekàtsse po-nkó, tlupfocúp-me-nkó ɔ̀pipæ̀tlɒ-pɔ̀-tsɒ

Questions

Questions are asked by replacing the thing you are asking about with the with the question pronoun, tse. For example:

tse tlupfocúp ónèf-tsɒ po-ús?

Who kills the fish with the weapon?

Tlɔ tlupfocúp tse-tsɒ po-ús?

What does Hana kill with the weapon?

Tlɔ tlupfocúp ónèf-tsɒ tse-ús?

What does Hana kill the fish with?

After You've Already Used a Pronoun and Pfɒ

Let's say I want to continue the conversation after talking about my violent fish-murder. What if I wanted to say "I eat the fish"? You would think I would say:

Tlɔ lúcá tà-tsɒ

But actually we don't need to mention tlɔ or tà again because you have already specified what those pronouns mean and you don't need to include them anymore. To do so would imply that you are talking about a different purple and blue thing that you have already mentioned. But we're not done yet. if we just say "Lúcá." then we are saying I eat the fish with the weapon". This is because "with the weapon" was also mentioned before as a pronoun and is implied by the sentence. To remove is we need to use a handy pronoun called pfɒ. This pronoun indicates that there is no previously stated implicit pronoun in its case in the sentence. Therefore what we actually want to say is:

Lúcá pfɒ-ús

This pronoun can also be used to approximate grammatical voices:

The passive:

Pfɒ tlupfocúp ónèf-tsɒ po-ús

The fish was killed with the weapon

The antipassive:

Tlɔ tlupfocúp pfɒ-tsɒ po-ús

Hana kills something with the weapon

And whatever this is:

Tlɔ tlupfocúp ónèf-tsɒ pfɒ-ús

Hana kills the fish with something

The Context Particle

As I said above, an implied pronoun can have a different value from an explicit pronoun of the same gender. To change the explicit pronoun we simply mention a thing of the same gender in a sentence but what if we want to change the implicit pronoun without also changing the explicit pronoun? Allow me to introduce the context particle, ɒtlij! Attaching this particle to your sentence with a word changes the implicit pronoun of that gender. For example, if you want to say "I eat the food with a tongue" you would say:

Lúcá ɒtlij ípfitsùpɒ̀

In this sentence ípfitsùpɒ̀ replaces sónc as the implicit red noun.

A Word of Warning About the Context Particle

While there will be another grammar note on politeness later, it is worth noting that ɒtlij has to be used carefully. It is considered impolite to use it when refer to a pronoun that is already being used as an explicit pronoun. Make sure to keep track of what each pronoun refers to so you don't piss someone off.

én - me/I

te - you (singular, informal)

ő - he/she/it/they (singular) (or it can mean any other pronoun, we only have this one)

mi - we

ti - you (plural, informal)

ők - they (plural)

Ön/Maga - you (singular and formal) (do not say Maga unless you hate the person you are talking to, it's the rude way to be formal to someone)

Önök/Maguk - you (plural and formal)

ember - person/human

nő - woman (also means to grow and i love making jokes about it)

nők - women

férfi - man

férfiak - men

nem - sex (nem also means no and you can also make a joke with this like i do)

felnőtt - adult

felnőttek - adults

gyerek - child

gyerekek - children

néni - old woman (depends on your age, older than you by a lot)

bácsi - old man (same goes as with néni, depends on your age who you see as old)

lány - girl

lányok - girls

fiú - boy

fiúk - boys

tinédzser - teenager