The Kalinga War, also known as the Kalinga Yudh, took place in 261 BCE in the region of Odisha, India. It was a significant conflict between the Maurya Empire, under the rule of Emperor Ashoka, and the state of Kalinga, an independent kingdom located in present-day Odisha.

The Kalinga War is known for its extreme brutality and the large-scale loss of life. Emperor Ashoka's motivation for the war was to extend his empire and establish his dominance over Kalinga. However, the resistance put up by the Kalinga kingdom was fierce and resilient.

The war lasted for about one year, and despite initial setbacks, the Maurya Empire eventually emerged victorious. However, the cost of the victory was devastating. It is estimated that hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians perished in the conflict, and cities and towns were left in ruins.

The brutality and suffering caused by the war deeply affected Emperor Ashoka. Overwhelmed by guilt and remorse for the immense loss of life, he underwent a transformative change and converted to Buddhism. Ashoka renounced violence and espoused the principles of non-violence, compassion, and moral integrity.

The Kalinga War is often seen as a turning point in Ashoka's life and reign. It led him to adopt a policy of non-violence and embrace Buddhism as the guiding philosophy of his empire. Ashoka went on to become one of the most influential and revered rulers in history, spreading Buddhism throughout his empire and beyond.

The Kalinga War serves as a reminder of the brutalities of war and the potential for personal transformation and the pursuit of peace. It continues to be an important historical event in the region of Odisha, highlighting the cultural and historical significance of the Kalinga kingdom and its resistance against imperial forces.