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Aggregate Functions are all about

Performing  calculations on multiple rows

Of a single column of a table

And returning a single value.

The ISO standard defines five (5) aggregate functions namely;

1) COUNT 2) SUM 3) AVG 4) MIN 5) MAX 

Why use aggregate functions.

From a business perspective, different organization levels have different information requirements. Top levels managers are…

The WHERE clause is used to filter records. The WHERE clause is used to extract only those records that fulfill a specified condition.

Syntax:-

SELECT column1, column2, … FROM table_name WHERE condition;

Example:-

SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE Country=’Mexico’;

Operators in The WHERE Clause a)   SQL Arithmetic Operators:-

Assume ‘variable a’ holds 10 and ‘variable b’ holds 20,…

The PRIMARY KEY constraint uniquely identifies each record in a table. Primary keys must contain UNIQUE values, and cannot contain NULL values. A table can have only ONE primary key; and in the table, this primary key can consist of single or multiple columns (fields).

SQL PRIMARY KEY ON CREATE TABLE:-

The SQL creates a PRIMARY KEY on the “ID” column when the “Persons” table is created.

TCL commands can only use with DML commands like INSERT, DELETE and UPDATE only.

These operations are automatically committed in the database that’s why they cannot be used while creating tables or dropping them.

Here are some commands that come under TCL:

COMMIT:- If everything is in order with all statements within a single transaction, all changes are recorded together in the database…

Intoduction To SQL

SQL is a standard language for storing, manipulating and retrieving data in databases.

Our SQL tutorial will teach you how to use SQL in: MySQL, SQL Server, MS Access, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, Postgres, and other database systems.

What is SQL?

SQL stands for Structured Query Language

SQL lets you access and manipulate databases

SQL became a standard of the American…

BBA – Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University

[embeddoc url=”http://edigipedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/BBA-usms-bba-020718.pdf” viewer=”google”] BBA SyllabusDownload